| 摘要: | 在連續性製程工業中如煉油工業、石油化學工業甚至電力工業，在生產流程上各種物料在設備間加工製造，其運輸、傳送絕大部分靠管線來完成，對一個製程廠區而言，管線分佈在所有廠區，各種不同性質管線放置於不同生產單元裡，有不同種類焊口且工程量龐大、工程資源消耗量大且工期長，一般而言在化工廠興建中，管線安裝佔全部安裝費比例非常高，故如何掌握管線施工量，對於報價、預算成本管控及工期管控具有重要意義，在國際管線工程施工量各有不同表示方式，而日本、台灣工業製程管線大部份以「焊口量」來表示管線施工工程規模大小，其估算計量方式為：焊口量（DI）＝Σ管徑*焊口接頭。主要用管線施工報價、發包及工期評估 本論文主要論述在於統包商報價時期，業主只提供製程Know-how、基本概念設計、粗略廠區佈置圖、材料需求規範等等初步資料下及報價時間有限下提出有效精確管線焊口估算方法，其方法乃是利用機械流程圖（P&ID）上的資料搭配廠區概念佈置圖，在未有細部設計情況下利用管線佈置理念，快速有效依不同系統或不同區域計算出焊口量並提供不同分類總焊口量給予成本工程師估算施工成本，因此爲達成快速有效進行管線估算作業，本論文以探討P&ID焊口估算風險因子為重點其目的：使估算作業品質提升，得標後依其估算量作為預算編制及工程發包基準量進行成本管理，同時亦可做為工期評估基礎進行時程管理。 In continuous production industry, such as oil-refining , petrochemical and electric power industry,all kinds of materials and supplies processed between reactors,equipments, tanks and generators are carried through piping systems. In general, piping installation cost occupies a significant portion among all construction direct cost; therefore, correctly estimating piping work quantity is essential to quotation, budget control and schedule planning. In international practices, piping work quantity estimating methods have different approaches .In Taiwan, China and Japan, we used to use “welding joint” as the basis unit to estimate piping work quantity. It is calculated as the pipe diameter multiplied by welding joints (i.e. Piping work quantity = pipe diameter * welding joints), mainly used in quotation, subcontracting and schedule planning. This thesis contemplates an effective method to estimate the welding joint quantity for piping construction work in E/P/C turnkey project, when owner provides only limited information such as process know-how, conceptual design, preliminary layout and material specifications. While lacking detail design informations, a method utilizing the Piping and Instrument diagram (P&ID) and preliminary data is proposed to gain the welding joint quantity quickly and effectively in various systems and areas. It may provide categorized quantity to cost engineer for piping cost estimation, This proposed method will improve the quality of estimation and its results can be used for budget control,subcontracting and schedule planning . |
