| 摘要: | PU發泡體的密度大小通常決定何種用途的發泡體應被生產出來，它的應用範圍非常廣泛，而主要的應用範圍則是在於隔離(insulation)、包裝(packaging)和負荷力的承受(load-bearing) 。 基於對於PU發泡體的物理性質及形態產生極大興趣，因而改變化學成份、組成及加工方式，以獲得材料與結構上的關係，而了解這些關係的最終目的則是為了調整材料的組成以配合各式個樣的應用。 本實驗的重點則在於PU發泡體(foam)上，探討配方中各種變數對於發泡體性質及結構的影響，其中包括有硬度、拉力強度、延伸率、撕裂、平行撕裂、壓縮歪等性質。在合成上所採用的方法則是 One-shot process，將反應物分成兩個Streams，一個Stream為含有Diisocyanate的部份，所使用的diisocyanate為MDI；另一個Stream為含有Polyol的部份，所使用的polyol為polyisoprene，此stream除了polyol之外，也包含其他添加劑像是催化劑、鏈延長劑、發泡劑、發泡穩定劑和填料。因為機械強度的性質一般都跟發泡體的密度成比例，因此密度的變化是其中的變數之一，再針對配方中各個變數：硬段含量、水添加量、觸媒添加量、界面活性劑種類、filler添加量，予以改變，以討論各類變數對於發泡體性質及結構的影響，並觀查其變化的趨勢，以做為應用上的參考。另外為了解多種polyol混摻發泡情形，添加不同莫耳百分率的PTMO於POLY IP發泡體，也是實驗研究範圍。 實驗結果顯示，對於POLY IP發泡體泡孔粒徑大小的因素主要為整體密度、觸媒、水添加量、界面活性劑種類、界面活性劑添加量、填充料添加量及PTMO/POLY IP莫耳百分率。在其它配方及加工變數固定下，發泡體密度增加，會使拉伸、撕裂、平行撕裂、硬度及抗壓縮性質有顯著的提升；在其它配方及加工變數固定下，硬段含量增加，發泡體拉伸強度、撕裂強度、平行撕裂強度及硬度都有明顯增加的趨勢；在其他配方及加工變數固定下，觸媒添加量增加，發泡體的拉伸、撕裂、平行撕裂性質有先上升再下降的趨勢；在其他配方及加工變數固定下，水添加量增加，會提升發泡體平行撕裂、抗壓縮、硬度性質；在其他配方及加工變數固定下，不同界面活性劑種類，會影響發泡體的性質，這是由於不同的界面活性劑會改變泡孔中的支架的形狀及大小、泡孔壁厚度或泡孔大小分布，因而造成發泡體性質上的差異；在其他配方及加工變數固定下，SF-982界面活性量添加量增加，延伸度及抗壓縮性質會上升；在其他配方及加工變數固定下，填充料添加量增加，發泡體的拉伸、撕裂、平行撕裂、壓縮歪性質，有先上升再下降的趨勢；在其他配方及加工變數固定下，發泡體PTMO對POLY IP莫耳百分比增加，其拉伸、延伸率、撕裂、平行撕裂性質有顯著的提升，但壓縮性質反而不好；在其他配方及加工變數固定下，COE-210T界面活性劑添加量增加，會使PTMO/POLY IP莫耳百分比75%的發泡體，拉伸、撕裂、平行撕裂性質下降，壓縮歪值上升。 The application of PU foam depends on the density. PU foam can apply on insulation,packaging and load-bering. Because of bening intereasted in physical properties and structures of PU foam, the study of changing component and process to understand the relationship between materials and structure is the important point in the study. The synthesis process of PU foam is one-shot process. This process is two component system. One stream is MDI, the other contains polyisoprene and additives like catalysts, chain extender, foaming agent, surfactant and filler. The variables of the experiment contains amount change of hard-segment, water, surfactant, catalyst, filler. The other two variables are change of density and mole fraction change of blending PTMO and polyisoprene. The test method of the foam contain tensile strength ,tear strength, split tear strength, hardness, compression set. The density, the amount of catalyst, water, surfactant, filler, PTMO and different kind of surfactant can influence the size of the foam bubble. The result of test shows the tensile, tear, split tear strength and hardness properties of the foam are more strong when increasing the density of the foam without changing other variables and process. The tensile, tear, split tear strength and hardness properties of the foam are more strong when increasing the hard-segment content of the foam without changing other variables and process. The tensile, tear, split tear strength properties of the foam show up first then down when increasing the amount of catalyst of the foam without changing other variables and process. Increasing the amount of water of the foam without changing other variables and process shows the split tear strength and hardness properties are more strong, but decreases the resistance to compression. Different kind of surfactant also can influence properties of the foam. Increasing the amount of surfactant of the foam without changing other variables and process shows that the elongation and resistance to compression of the foam can increase. The tensile, tear, split tear strength and compression set properties of the foam show up first then down when increasing the amount of filler of the foam without changing other variables and process. Increasing the amount of PTMO on the polyisoprene foam without changing other variables and process shows the tensile, tear, split tear strength and elongation properties of the foam are more strong, but resistance to compression decreases. The tensile, tear, split tear strength properties of the blending PTMO/POLY IP 75% mole fraction foam are less strong when increasing the amount of COE-210T surfactant without changing other variables and process. |
