| 摘要: | 在二十一世紀企業激烈競爭的知識經濟時代，產業的財產已從有形資產之重心逐漸移轉到無形資產，而最重要的無形資產就是智慧財產。其中，專利權是彰顯智慧財產之基石，也是保護產業技術能力的最重要手段。在高科技產業，專利權已為企業不斷創造倍增價值及難以挑戰之競爭力。台灣營建產業必須向創意密集、技術密集與知識密集之方向發展，尤其在知識經濟時代中，企業立足商場不只是生產成本之高低，也不僅是企業擁有資本實力之大小，而是利基於研發與創新能力之強弱，成為維持企業競爭優勢與創造利潤之重要工具與方法。而營造業的轉型發展，必須朝創新研發與專利管理的運用著手，方能擴大與同業競爭者的差距，進而具備國際競爭能力，不斷的創新以達到效用與效率的提升降低經營成本，達到提昇企業競爭力與獲利能力。然而與其它產業相比，營建產業對專利權之開發與保護則仍佔少數，而使用專利的情況，似乎也不常見。就以我國的專利檢索系統所作分類，屬於營建業相關的E部-固定建築物類，專利權人為營建或營造公司，僅326筆資料，60家公司，相對於營造業公司數量，擁有專利權之公司僅佔0.04%，相對於營造業產值與就業人口而言，此現象應係結構性與系統性的原因所造成。關於營建產業在專利發展不足之具體成因為何，及如何推動專利權的開發與保護，即相當值得探討。本研究嘗試就營建產業內已開發之專利，分析專利權開發與保護不普遍之關聯性與困難，期能歸納並提出強化營建產業推動專利權開發與保護之具體建議。 The twenty-first century is the era of knowledge-based economy. Under severe competition, the industry gradually focuses from the transfer of tangible assets to intangible ones. The most important intangible asset is intellectual property rights. Among them, the patent right is to manifest the intellectual property and to protect the industrial technology capability as well. In the high-tech industries, patent rights are indicative of a company’s value and competitive ability. The construction industry in Taiwan must also emphasize the investment in developing technology and knowledge-intensive property. Especially in the era of knowledge-based economy, a company’s strength is not just the ability to reduce production, but also the ability in research and development (R&D). R&D is an essential approach to maintain competitive advantage and profit generating ability. As to the restructuring and development of the construction industries, innovation, research and development must be stressed in order to gain competitive advantage against the competitors, and to obtain international competitiveness. To improve competitiveness and profitability, constant innovation and efficiency improving are required for reducing operating costs. However, compared with the other industries, the development and protection for the patents in the construction industries remains a minor issue, and the usage of the patent is also rarely seen. In the patent search system in Taiwan, there are only 326 items. Among them, 60 companies are regarded the construction industry-related. That is, only 0.04% of the population of Taiwan’s construction industry may be considered patent-right oriented. This study believes the reason is due to the structured and systematic factors, laid down by the nature of the industry’s output and employment. Therefore, it is worth exploring that the specific reason for the patent underdevelopment in the construction industries, and how to promote the development and protection for the patent rights in this industry. This study attempts to analyze the impeding factors, and to generalize and promote the specific suggestions to develop and protect the patents in this industry. |
