臺灣地區位於太帄洋地震火環帶且座落於夏季颱風侵襲的主要路徑上，因此臺灣之橋梁易遭受到地震、洪流沖刷、以及土石流之侵襲導致毀損甚至落橋，造成道路中斷、人車墜落等嚴重之影響。目前國內之橋梁安全評估係透過專業工程人員前往現地進行勘查，並資料蒐集以進行評估，其所需要耗費之人力與成本極高。 本研究透過相關文獻蒐集與專家訪談，探討影響橋梁崩落之重點評估因子，並以層級分析法研擬評估項目之權重，進而建立橋梁因地震、土石流，以及洪流沖刷發生橋梁崩落可能性之初步評估機制。本研究亦選定20座橋梁，由現地勘查評估結果與本研究之初步評估結果相較，兩者評估落橋之可能性極為類似，由此可驗證本研究成果之正確性。 本研究並針對臺灣地區橋梁管理資訊系統（T-BMS）之資料庫建立快速評估之流程，以有效篩選出崩落可能性較高之橋梁，以供橋梁管理單位作為維護管理、設置橋梁監測預警系統之參考。本研究成果對於國內未來進行橋梁崩落及安全評估相關工作應有所助益。 Taiwan is located in the Pacific earthquake ring of fire and on the path of typhoons occurring in summer seasons; therefore bridges are frequently damaged by earthquakes, scouring, or debris that result in interruption of traffic or even casualties. Currently, evaluation of bridge safety is performed by professional engineers collecting data and evaluating at the bridge sites; which requires huge amount of manpower and costs. This research investigates the major factors which have significant impacts on bridge collapse by literature reviews and expert interviews. These factors are then weighted by the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method to establish a preliminary evaluation mechanism for bridge collapse due to earthquake, scouring, and debris. The established mechanism reveals similar performance with satisfactory results when tested against on site evaluations of 20 bridges. This research also establishes a fast evaluation process to apply the established mechanism to the Taiwan Bridge Management System (T-BMS) to screen out the most dangerous bridges which have relatively high potential to collapse. These bridges should have higher priority to install prewarning monitoring systems and should obtain more attentions from the bridge management agencies. Results of this research should be beneficial to the tasks related to evaluations of bridge collapse and bridge safety.
