| 摘要: | 土壤及地下水污染整治法(以下簡稱土污法)自民國89年公布後，環保署透過歷年各類污染調查專案的執行，針對全國農地、加油站、大型儲槽、非法棄置場址、廢棄工廠、營運中含氯有機物之工廠、工業區製程含鉛工廠、民航飛機場及軍事場址等進行污染調查工作，調查過程中也發現為數不少場址之土壤或地下水有遭受污染之情形。截至目前受列管或曾經被列管的土壤或地下水污染場址共有2,304處，公告面積達13,410,559平方公尺。 臺灣目前污染場址對於土壤污染整治方式之一，大多將污染土壤挖除後，再回填乾淨土壤。惟現行土污法中尚未針對挖除後的污染土壤送至何處、運送過程管理及後續接收污染土壤之處理場（廠）、技術審核等建置獨立的管理制度。因此，如何有效管控離場處理之受污染土壤流向，掌握污染土壤運送過程與最終去向，避免污染土壤離場清理所可能衍生之二次污染；以及建構污染土壤處理廠場、再利用之制度，為當前重要問題。 本研究搜集及研析英國、荷蘭、美國、澳洲、日本等國家之法規與相關規範，分析其污染土壤之管制程序、運送管制方式、再利用技術、土壤處理標準、再利用用途及程序等，並參考其制度提出我國受污染土壤外運處理程序、處理模式及管理方式之建議及配套措施。 由於土壤及地下水污染整治法對於污染土壤之運送或處理設施（或機構）並未授權訂定管理機制，本研究認為現階段應先以完善管控機制之廢棄物清理法進行受污染土壤離場處理管控，以作為管制上之依據。長遠之計則應增訂污染土壤清運及處理之相關法令規範授權依據，建立完整之土壤離場處理管理制度為目標，同時興建污染土壤綜合處理中心，並推動污染土壤再利用制度，以有效管理及解決污染土壤離場處理問題。 Since “Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act” (herein referred to as this Act) was promulgated in 2000, the Environmental Pollution Control Administration has conducted several projects of investigation of different types of potential polluted field, such as farmland, large tanks, illegal waste abandoned fields, abandoned factories, operating factories of chlorinated hydrocarbons, lead related factories, private airport and military field. Many soil or water polluted sites were discovered, 2304 soil and water pollution sites were listed with a total area of 13,410,559 square meter. The most used method to treat polluted soil was to dig out the polluted soil and replaced with clean soil in Taiwan. Unfortunately, no current law or regulation mentions any independent management system of the treatment of polluted soil. For example, where it should go, how it can be transported and what qualified treatment facilitation should be done likewise. Therefore, how to effectively control where the polluted soils go for the off-site treatment method, especially how they are transported and where they placed in the end. It makes it the most important issue of how to construct a facility to treat and recycle the polluted soil. This study collected and evaluated the laws and related regulations from other countries such as the England, the United States of America, Holland, Australia and Japan et cetera. We analyzed the control process, transport system, recycling techniques, soil treatment standards, recycling pathways and procedures of polluted soil in those countries. Then we proposed an off-site polluted soil treatment procedure, treatment model and management system for Taiwan to conclude our research. Because the Act doesn’t include the management system for polluted soil transport or treatment, we believe that it’s the best way to control the off-site polluted soil using the Management Regulations for the Import, Export, Transit and Transshipment of Waste which has the best control system for the time being. In the long term, regulations regarding the cleaning and treatment of polluted soil should be promulgated, in order to set up a complete off-site treatment polluted soil management system, and build a comprehensive polluted soil treatment center. A recycling system of polluted soil should also be promoted to effectively manage and solve off-site soil problem. |
