長期／慢性之有氧健身運動訓練具有促進認知功能的效用。然而此效益是否有助於認知能力訓練後之轉移尚屬未知；另一方面有研究指出：健身運動對於神經系統可塑性之影響，可能受失智症風險相關之載脂蛋白E 基因型(APOE)，以及影響神經系統可塑性之腦衍生神經滋長因子基因(BDNF)多型性之調節。為了澄清健身運動對於認知與大腦可塑性的影響以及相關的基因機制，本計畫提出三個系列實驗，探討結合有氧健身運動及認知功能訓練方式，是否有助於提升執行功能中更新能力在老年人之訓練及轉移效果，以及這些效果如何受APOE 及 BDNF 多型性之調節。實驗一比較單純之有氧健身運動訓練、單純認知訓練與結合式訓練，在為期六週的訓練前後，更新功能的進步與轉移效果。實驗二將篩選具高失智風險及低神經系統可塑性基因型之受試者，進行結合式訓練或單純之有氧健身運動訓練，並且於訓練前、結束後立即、結束後六個月等三個時間點進行腦造影測量與訓練及轉移效果相對應之腦區的活動改變情況。實驗三則將篩選具低失智風險及正常神經系統可塑性基因型之受試者，進行與實驗二相同之訓練及腦造影實驗。本研究結果將能增進我們對基因型、腦部機制與運動訓練如何交互作用影響老人的執行功能之改變、轉移與維持。 has been well-established that long-term/chronic aerobic exercise improves fitness and cognitive functions. On the other hand, it has been shown recently that the exercise-induced neural plasticity could be mediated by APOE and BDNF genetic polymorphisms. To clarify how aerobic exercise influences the effects of training and transfer of cognitive functions and the underlying neural and genetic mechanisms, we propose three series of experiments in the current project to examine how combined training of the updating function and aerobic exercise modulates the effect of transfer in the elders, and how these effects are mediated by APOE and BDNF genotypes. In Experiment Series 1, elder participants will be assigned to three different training groups: aerobic exercise training only, cognitive training only, and combined training groups. The training program will last six weeks, and will be held three times per week. Assessments of the training and transfer effect will be assessed immediately before, immediately after, and 6-month after the training. In Experiment Series 2, participants with high dementia risk and low neural plasticity (i.e., APOE-ε4 carriers with BDNF val/met genotype) will be recruited and assigned to either combined or aerobic-exercise-only training groups. Assessment of training and transfer, as well as functional neuroimaging will be carried out immediately before, immediately after, and 6-month after the training to evaluate the cognitive and neural plasticity associated with training. In Experiment Series 3, participants with low dementia risk and normal neural plasticity (i.e., APOE-ε4 noncarriers with BDNF val/val genotype) will be recruited and assigned to the same training groups as in Experiment Series 2. Through the comparisons of results from the three series of experiments, we will advance the understanding of 1) whether combined training induces more and longer-lasting training and transfer effects than cognitive or aerobic exercise training alone; 2) the neural mechanisms underlying the training and transfer effect in the combined or independent training protocol; 3) how APOE and BDNF genotypes mediate the aforementioned cognitive and neural plasticity 研究期間：10008 ~ 10107
