中共治理新疆與生產建設兵團前期發展之研究(1949-1966);A Study on the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Governing Xinjiang and the Early Development of the Production and Construction Corps (1949-1966)

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题名:	中共治理新疆與生產建設兵團前期發展之研究(1949-1966);A Study on the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Governing Xinjiang and the Early Development of the Production and Construction Corps (1949-1966)
作者:	李淑芬;Lee,Shu-fen
贡献者:	歷史研究所碩士在職專班
关键词:	新疆生產建設兵團;屯墾戍邊;陶峙岳;伊塔事件;Itard Incident;Tao Shi-Yue;stationing troops and reclaiming and safeguardin;Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
日期:	2012-06-14
上传时间:	2012-09-11 17:54:19 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	新疆「解放」後，解放軍入疆部隊立即收編陶峙岳的投共部隊與三區民族軍。中共為了有效鎮壓新疆的反共勢力，並解決新疆的龐大軍糧需求問題，因此，效法古人屯墾戍邊的作法，在新疆組建新疆生產建設兵團。兵團於1954年成立，在1949年至1966年間，歷經兩大重要階段：第一階段為1949年10月至1957年底，是兵團的奠基時期，也是新疆農墾工作的艱苦創業時期。兵團成立前，入疆部隊進駐新疆各地，以鎮壓新疆內部反共勢力，穩定中共政權為任務，並為了自給自足，在新疆創建軍墾農牧場。兵團成立後，兵團任務從以武裝鬥爭為主轉變成以經濟建設為主，規劃與興建國營農牧團場，全面發展各項經濟建設。第二階段為1958年至1966年5月，是兵團的大發展時期。此時期，兵團迅速發展成具有雄厚經濟實力的農墾體系；同時，為了因應中蘇關係的惡化所引發的伊塔事件，兵團受命在中蘇邊界新建農牧團場，擔任起屯墾戍邊的任務。兵團的發展不僅關係新疆的穩定與發展，更關係中國邊防的安全。After the emancipation of Xinjiang, the People’s Liberation Army in Xinjiang immediately incorporated the troops led by Tao Shi-Yue and the National Army in Ili,Tuscaloosa and Koy-Assa. In order to effectively suppress the anti-communist forces and meet the large demands of army provisions in Xinjiang, CCP set up the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps by following the ancient method of stationing troops and reclaiming and safeguarding the border regions. Established in 1954, the corps experienced two important stages from 1949 to 1966: Lasting from October 1949 to the end of 1957, the first stage is the fundamental and also the hardest period for agricultural reclamation in Xinjiang. Before the establishment of the corps, troops entered and were stationed in every region in Xinjiang to suppress the anti-communist forces and stabilize CCP political power. In order to encourage self-sufficiency, they set up army reclamation farms there. After the establishment of the corps, they shifted their priority from armed struggle to economic development like planning and construction of state-run livestock farms and overall efforts geared toward economic development. The second stage from 1958 to May 1966 is the height of the development period of the corps. During this period, the corps rapidly developed into an agricultural reclamation system of strong economic strength. Meanwhile, in order to deal with the Itard Incident caused by the worsening relations between China and the Soviet Union, the corps received instructions to establish farms along the Sino-Soviet border and took the task of stationing troops and reclaiming and safeguarding the border regions. The development of the corps is not only related to Xinjiang’s stabilization and development but also the Sino-Soviet border safety.
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