| 摘要: | 元代泉州為世界第一大港，有眾多穆斯林生活在泉州，以阿拉伯人和波斯人為主，當時伊斯蘭文化曾經盛極一時。元未明初時代劇變，進入明代時空背景不同以往，穆斯林必需隱姓埋名過生活。明代政策與社會氛圍趨向保守，不利泉州港持續的發展，與泉州港命運息息相關的伊斯蘭文化，也只能保持守勢與趨向弱化。明代是伊斯蘭文化弱化的開始，也是穆斯林後裔漢化成為回族的起點。明代泉州地區有不少回族家族，以陳埭丁氏回族和百崎郭氏回族最知名。明代回族漢化開始編族譜，從明代泉州回族所留下的族譜資料，得知其祖先多數為阿拉伯人或波斯人。明代泉州地區伊斯蘭文化雖然弱化，仍保存運用在回族日常生活中。明代泉州僅存的伊斯蘭教聖友寺和伊斯蘭教靈山「聖墓」，史料記載明代期間仍不斷重修，回族也積極參與重修。從回族積極參與重修，証明明代泉州回族對伊斯蘭教的重視。明代泉州地區回族，積極融入生活在泉州，從婚姻關係不設限教內婚姻，到積極參加科舉考試，以及建立宗祠，都是奮鬥過生活的過程。不設限教內婚姻，回族才能順勢壯大，更能自然了解漢文化。積極參加科舉考試，晉升上層階級，也能盡力低調保存伊斯蘭文化。回族建立宗祠是漢化的標誌，也是一種生存的保護色，也只有在外觀與漢人無異，才更能維護自己的祖教﹙伊斯蘭教﹚，保存自己的伊斯蘭文化。The biggest sea port in the world, and at that time many Muslims live there. Mainly are Arabs and Persian; and Islamic culture was also very popular at that time. After the China moved to Ming Dynasty from Yuan Dynasty, Muslims were forced to live incognito due to the change of the political background at that time. Ming Dynasty is the era with conservation on the political policy as well as the atmosphere in the society. It was the disadvantage for the development of the sea port at Quanzhou , and the Islamic culture that lean on the Quanzhou sea port was also became conservative and weak.Ming Dynasty is the time that Islamic culture starting the weakness and also the time Muslims descendant becoming Chinese-Characterizing. There are many Hui Families in Quanzhou area at Ming Dynasty, Chendai Ding Clan Hui and Baici Guo Clan Hui are two of the famous Hui families at that time. At Ming Dynasty, Hui people have Chinese-Characterizing and starting to editing their own pedigree of clan. Base one these pedigrees of clan left from Hui family from Quanzhou at Ming Dynasty; we learned most of their ancestors were Arabs and Persian. Though the Islamic culture was becoming weak since Ming Dynasty at Quanzhou area, the Chinese-Characterizing Hui people still keep some culture in their activities of daily livings. From the historiography, Ashab Mosque of Islam and the (Holy Tombs) at Islam Holy Hill that lest from Ming Dynasty at Quanzhou were substantially repair for many times at Ming Dynaty. And Hui people were also attending these activities. From these substantially repairs, it approved that at Ming Dynasty, people still valued Islam.The Hui people at Quanzhou in Ming Dynasty, they tried hard to mainstream themselves into the lives at Quanzhou. From no limitation for marrying couple with same religion, and very aggressive to attend national examinations, build their own ancestral hall; they were the approve how hard they fought for their lives. With no limitation for marrying same religion people, Hui people can take the advantage to make it more strong and bigger, and also understand Han people more. More aggressive to attend the national examinations,tried to promote themselves to high level in the society. And was then able to keep low key to preserve Islamic culture. To build their own ancestral hall, it is the symbolic of Chinese-Characterizing, it is also the protection for them to live here. Only to keep theappearance same Han people, they will then be able to keep their own religion(Islam), and Islamic culture. |
