| 摘要: | 國內所生產的機車以優異的品質及性能銷售至世界各地，在廢氣排放控制技術上更處於領先的地位，但在表面塗裝製程部分仍使用污染性較高的油性塗料，於塗裝的過程中造成污染空氣並形成揮發性有機物質(VOCS)，對環境及生態都造成重大的威脅。因而機車表面塗裝業積極尋找替代的原物料，降低污染的產生，但受限於被塗物材質與形狀以及塗裝後對塗膜的要求，限縮可使用的低污染性塗料種類及系統並提高塗料性能的基本門檻。本研究以自行研發的水性雙組份聚胺酯塗料，針對機車塑膠件表面塗裝部分的產業現況進行探討，依據該行業對塗料及塗膜的要求，選擇以現行油性塗料為水性塗料的比對基礎。以VOCS減量、技術可行性與經濟性共三個項目作為可行性評估的主軸。水性塗料替代後除了可降低作業人員的暴露風險及火災爆炸的危害外，在VOCS減量部分，排除任何空氣污染後處理單元，可使揮發性有機物的原始逸散量降低達65.8%，且空污費合計繳納費額可降低67.9%。技術可行性部分除了塗料調和後可使用時間及烘烤後塗膜硬度略遜於現行的油性塗料外，其餘皆符合機車表面塗裝業的要求。但塗料用量及成本會大幅上升，塗料用量上升37.7%，而成本上升147.4%。將空污費與塗料成本合併計算，使用水性塗料替代後成本仍上升127.1%。國內雖曾針對機車表面塗裝製造業訂定揮發性有機物空氣污染管制及排放標準的草案但至今仍未施行，再加上原物料飆漲造成企業的經營環境持續惡化，且本研究的水性塗料為新技術，市場需求較低，無法大量生產以降低成本，雖現階段在環境保護與企業營運兩者間仍有衝突，但未來水性塗料的性能再提升與成本低減後，再配合政府法令的推動，應可達到雙贏的狀態。Motorcycles manufactured in Taiwan have been well known with good quality and performance and are exported to other countries with large quantities. Moreover, the motorcycles produced in Taiwan are equipped with good emission control for the exhaust gas. However, the solvent-based paints is still applied in the process of coating, which causes significant emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCS), resulting in the adverse effects to the human health and environment. Thus, motorcycles surface coating industry is actively searching for alternative paint materials to reduce the air pollution generated. However, the material available and the shape and requirements of the coating surface have limited the applicable types of low-pollution paints. The study is motivated to investigate the applicability of self-developed water-borne polyurethane (PU) paint, which is specifically designed for motorcycle plastic coating. According to the major demands of paints and coating in this industry, the study compares the current solvent-based PU paint with the self-developed water-borne PU paint and evaluates the applicability based on VOCs reduction, technical and economic feasibility. When replacing with water-borne PU paint, the risk of worker’s exposure and fire accidents can be greatly reduced. As for VOCs reduction, 65.8% of VOCS reduction can be achieved without the extra investment of air pollution control devices. Furthermore, the VOCS pollution fee can be reduced by 67.9%.In the technical part, except that the short pot-life limitation and the hardness of coating cannot meet the current solvent-based coating standard, the rest criteria are in compliance with the requirements of the motorcycle coating industry. However, the amount of paints needed and the cost will increase significantly, i.e., the amount will increase 37.7% while the cost will increase 147.4%.Although VOCS emission standard had been proposed for motorcycle coating industry in Taiwan, the standard has not been implemented so far. In addition, the continuing increase of raw material cost makes it difficult for paints manufactories to produce, water-borne PU paints with a competitive cost. As a result, the win-win strategy between environment protection and business management has not been accomplished at this stage. |
