電腦全像片最早起源於1966年由B. R. Brown及A. W. Lohmann提出的軌跡相位法(Detour Phase)，電腦全像片乃利用電腦計算模擬全像片上的資訊分佈，最後再利用繞射光學元件(DOE)或半導體製程來儲存此資訊分佈。在本論文中，我們討論相位式電腦全像片的製作原理，利用Fresnel繞射理論為基礎，得到全像片平面與重建平面的關係，並進而探討以單一全像片重建出多個重建平面的方法。之後利用Gerchberg-Saxton演算法則，計算出全像片平面上的相位資訊分佈，並編寫出相位式電腦全像片。接下來我們將量測液晶空間光學調製器(LC-SLM)的相位特性，得到「相位-灰階」的曲線，並以此結果去編碼相位式電腦全像片，再將其輸入至液晶空間光學調製器，進行光學重建實驗。最後我們將探討雷射光鉗的原理，並將搭配LC-SLM的電腦全像術，應用於雷射光鉗技術上，製作出即時且動態的3-D電腦全像光鉗，增加光鉗應用性。接下來再利用3-D電腦全像光鉗，對球型粒子做3-D全方向的移動控制。最後我們以一個光鉗組，去鉗住長軸長約5~8μm的圓柱粒子，使其作出兩種不同方向的旋轉。The first computer-generated hologram (CGH) - detour phase method was introduced by Brown and Lohmann’s in 1966. Computer calculation is used to simulate the distribution of information on a hologram, and then the diffractive optical elements (DOE) or semiconductor manufacture are used to store and reconstruct.In this thesis, we begin by discussing the principles of constructing computer-generated phase holograms, based on use of the Fresnel diffraction theory, to obtain the relationship between the hologram plane and the reconstruction plane, and then explore the methods of reconstructing multiple planes from a single hologram. We next employ the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm to calculate the distribution of the information on the hologram and make the phase-only CGH. After that, we measure the phase properties of the liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) to obtain the “phase-gray” curve, use this result to encode the phase-only CGH, and enter it into an LC-SLM to conduct experimentation on optical reconstruction.In the conclusion, we examine the principles of laser tweezers, and apply the laser-tweezer technique in conjunction with the CGH LC-SLM technique to improve the applicability of optical tweezers in creating real-time and dynamic 3D holographic optical tweezers. We follow by again using holographic optical tweezers for 3D shift control of the spherical particles. Finally, we use an optical tweezer array to trap columnar particles with a long axis of approximately 5~8μm, as a means of effecting rotation in two different directions.
