| 摘要: | 近二十年來，台灣跨國婚姻的數量不斷成長，跨國婚姻中女性在經濟地理上的移動，除了在國際政治上跨越不同國界管理，還涉及社會適應與文化接觸的複雜過程，例如移動者本身與移入社會之價值觀、生活方式等的調整。婚姻雖然預設了女性必須適應嫁入之社會與家庭的文化，但是在生活實踐中，女性還是具有展現個人能動性的空間，會在不同的文化間取捨，以自己的方式組織社會生活。換言之，婦女不只是民族的生育者，也是文化上的再生產者，常常被賦予保護「文化」的重責大任。如果族群邊界有三種：領土、文化與生物學上的邊界，外籍配偶正在影響後兩者邊界的重塑。除了影響嫁入之家庭、族群、社會與國族等文化再生產的過程外，也會影響原生家庭和社會的價值觀、政治與文化實踐（Faist 2000；Guarnizo & Smith 2002）。換言之，婚姻移民對移出社會的影響，除了實質上的金錢（remittances）和物質貢獻外，還包括抽象的理念、認同和行為模式的輸出，改變移出社會人群的文化實踐、價值觀、甚或政治認同，這就是所謂「社會回匯」（social remittances）的概念（Levitt 2001：54-60）。本計畫希望在以往的研究成果上，進行「社會回匯」（social remittances）的研究，分析「跨國界而未跨族群」（印尼配偶）與「跨國界又跨族群」（越南配偶）的國族／族群認同（文化）邊界的詮釋架構如何被建構與改變，這些架構又如何傳遞回移出國，並影響在地社會的文化實踐與認同。 ; Based on the “Survey Report on the Living Conditions of the Foreign and Mainland China Spouses” prepared by the Ministry of Interior of Taiwan, numbers of aliens holding valid Residence Permit, Permit for Permanent Residence, naturalized foreign spouses who had been granted citizenship of our country, and applications for entry stay, residence, fixed residence by spouses from Mainland China (including those from Hong Kong and Macau), between January 1987 to August 31, 2003, reached a total of 240,837 persons after actual validation. Generally speaking, foreign spouses in Taiwan had two distinctive attributes: Firstly, imbalance in their geographical distribution – most of them came from Mainland China and the southeastern Asian countries (98%); Secondly, foreign spouses were dominated by females (93%). The data revealed that the quantitative increase in the numbers of foreign spouses in Taiwan was not resulted from historical accumulation, but was resulted from the very rapid increase during the past 10 some years. This study focuses on the Vietnamese spouses who accounted for the largest number in Taiwan, and assesses the impacts of their production and reproduction functions to the national and ethnic cultural identity. Since family was an important arena for cultural re-production, and females were the executors for family affairs and child raising tasks, the various of identities in the minds of the females became an important resource in cultural re-production. In her book “Gender & Nation” (1997), Nira Yuval-Davis explained the very crucial role females played in the development and maintenance of a nation or a tribe. The females not only shouldered the responsibility for the biological reproduction to assure continuity of the nation, they also played an important role in constructing any identities by passing the national and ethnic cultures from one generation to the next generation, from receiving countries to sending countries. Transnational practices involve not only the geographical movement of people, but also multiple transactions of monetary resources, goods, symbols and political and cultural practices. ‘Social remittances’ are ideas and practices that are transformed in the host country and transmitted back to original communities. ; 研究期間 9708 ~ 9807 |
