彈性銷均載機構設計分析與驗證;Design, analysis and validation of flexible pin mechanism for load balancing

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题名:	彈性銷均載機構設計分析與驗證;Design, analysis and validation of flexible pin mechanism for load balancing
作者:	余遠毅;yi,yu yuan
贡献者:	機械工程學系
关键词:	行星齒輪機構;彈性銷機構;靜態負載實驗;有限元素分析;Finite element analysis;Flexible pin mechanism;Planetary gear drive;Static loading experiment
日期:	2012-10-13
上传时间:	2012-11-12 14:38:00 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	行星齒輪傳動機構具有同軸心之輸出與輸入軸、在同重量或同體積下可傳遞效率高等優點，但行星齒輪傳動機構仍有因加工製造誤差、組裝誤差以及組件受載變形等因素，因而造成各個行星齒輪間不等的負載分配，以及嚙合齒面不均負載分佈等問題。因此多會使用均載機構設計來解決此問題。在眾多均載設計中，彈性銷均載機構，因為可藉由其受負載變形，使行星齒輪產生浮動效果，如此可取代僅適用於三個行星齒輪之太陽齒輪浮動的均載設計，而可以有效透過增加行星齒輪數目來提高功率。此一均載設計在今日風能產業高功率需求下，更加受到重視。本文研究係對彈性銷均載機構進行分析與驗證，以補足此機構在設計方面不足之資訊。分析時共探討兩種不同的彈性銷均載機構設計：傳統型式設計與新型式設計。首先對此兩種設計，分別使用不同的分析工具，包括機械設計軟體KISSsoft與有限元素軟體，探討主要設計參數對彈性銷機構效能的影響，以期找出設計參數對整體剛性表現的影響與參數間的相互關係。隨後以兩個設計案例探討單一彈性銷機構在個別受載與整合到行星齒輪組受載之模擬結果不同之處。為能驗證有限元素分析結果，本研究亦根據前述案例分析之兩種設計模型，進行單一彈性銷機構靜態受載實驗分析，將實驗量測數據結果與有限元素分析結果相互比較驗證。由設計參數影響分析顯示，在傳統與新型式設計中，銷軸的設計參數皆對整體彈性銷機構剛性變化較套筒敏感；同時若有特定的限制條件，調整單一構件的設計參數即可達到設計目標。傳統型式設計參數影響分析以機械設計軟體KISSsoft與有限元素法分析結果比較，最大應力值差距達15%，變形量為9~16%左右，進一步交叉分析顯示KISSsoft在套筒計算上的差距較大。在新型式設計參數影響分析結果顯示，彈性銷機構整體的效能亦可由銷軸與套筒的個別分析結果推得；同時凹槽的設計確實能使彈性銷機構變形形成近似直線，可減少齒輪傳動時預期外的磨耗。由設計案例探討得知，托架之扭轉變形對齒面應力分佈有明顯影響。靜態實驗結果亦顯示，軸承剛性亦是彈性銷機構剛性效能的重要因數，在設計時亦必須納入考慮。Planetary gear drives have advantages of co-axial input and output shaft, higher power density, etc. However, the load sharing between planets will be unequal, because of presentence of manufacturing and assembly errors. On the other hand, the deformation of components under loading leads also uneven distribution of contact stresses on engaged tooth flanks of gear sets. Therefore, load balancing mechanisms are usually applied in planetary gear drives for solving the problem. Among them, the planetary gear sets with flexible pin mechanism can be designed with more than three planets due to flexibly supported planets, and consequently, the transmitted power can be increased. This mechanism for load balancing has gained more attention for application in gear transmission of windturbines. The purpose of this study is to analyze and to validate the design of the flexible pin load mechanisms so as to provide detailed information for design. Two types of the flexible pin mechanisms are considered. conventional design and new design with compliant joints. At first, two analysis tools, mechanism design software KISSsoftTM and FEM, will be applied to analyze the individual and interwoven influence of design parameters on the performance of the flexible pin mechanisms. Then, two study cases are considered to explore the performances of the flexible pin mechanisms, each analyzed under the condition of individual loading and integration in a planetary gear set, respectively. A static load experiment is also conducted to validate the results obtained from the individual loading analysis. The results of influence analysis of design parameter show that the parameters of the the pin are more sensitive to the stiffness of the mechanism than those of the sleeve. It can be also to fullfil the design requirements only by adjusting the design parameters of the pin or the slleve. The analysis results show also differences between the analysis tools KISSsoftTM and FEM: the max. bending stress can be upto 15%, deformation upto 16%. The difference comes mainly from the calculation of the sleeve. The analysis results of the new type design show that the performance of entire mechanism can be also derived directly from the individual analysis results of the pin and the sleeve, respectively. The deformation of mechanism tends to a straight line due to the compliant joint design and it can reduce some unexpected wears.. It is also found that the torsional deformation of the carrier affects also the contact stress distribution strongly. The results from the static loading experiment illustrates also that the stiffness of the bearing is also the important factor for entire stiffness of the flexible pin mechanism, and must be considered while in designing such the mecahnism.
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