大專院校學生司法救濟之研究;A Study on Judicial Relief of Students of University and Junior College

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Title:	大專院校學生司法救濟之研究;A Study on Judicial Relief of Students of University and Junior College
Authors:	陳冠華;Chen,Guan-Hua
Contributors:	法律與政府研究所
Keywords:	主觀公權利;司法救濟;大專院校;學生之在學關係;學習及受教育之自由;權利保護之必要;Freedom of study and right of receive education;Judicial relief;Necessity of rights protection;Relation of students in school;Subjective rights;University and junior college
Date:	2013-01-21
Issue Date:	2013-03-25 16:05:42 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	過往因特別權力關係之緣故，造成學生憲法第16條之訴訟權保障被剝奪。雖於司法院大法官釋字第382號解釋作成後，有關身分變更之部分已可提起司法救濟，但尚嫌不足。亦即，非屬於退學或類此之處分者，仍不被行政法院實務上所受理而為裁判。司法院大法官釋字第684號解釋則改變了此種見解，不帶限制地開放學生族群的司法救濟之大門。惟訴訟權本質上即有行政訴訟之實體判決要件的限制，此在學生之在學關係上應無不同。因此，將如何於相關案例事實中運用訴訟權能及權利保護之必要等實體判決要件，當能作為將來學生能否提起司法救濟之判斷標準。亦即，藉由基本權保障與行政法上之法律關係的互動觀察之闡述，或能得到妥適結論。首先，大專院校階段的學習及受教育之自由，應以憲法第15、11條為基本權保障之依據，除成為通往更高深的學術殿堂之道路以外，亦能縮短校園與職場之間的學用落差，予以調節知識學問之追尋與就業、謀生之能力的培養臻至衡平。再者，於不違大學自治與學術自由下，學生之在學關係的各種特殊性將如何影響主觀公權利或權利保護之必要的運用，亦值注意。兩者交互作用下，本文尚引據現有之實務案件予以探討，相關研究結果應可作為將來行政法院實務上的參考。Because “special power relationship” affected, students could not bring judicial relief in the past. Although a part of that was modified by Judicial Yuan Interpretation No.382, yet only “expulsion or similar action” could bring judicial relief in administrative court. J.Y. Interpretation No.684 has altered the aforesaid situation, which open the gate of judicial relief for the students with few limitations. However, this study suggest that the elements of administrative litigation still be applied to “relation of students in school”. Therefore, “locus standi” and “necessity of rights protection” in administrative proceedings decides which students will be able to bring judicial relief or not. That is to say, depending on the fundamental rights and the legal relation discoursing may explain it in this study, as long as “university self-government” and “academic freedom” is not violated. First of all, because it not only reduces the gap between academic theory and practical work capacity, but also be reciprocal to these two balancedly, “freedom of study” and “right of receive education” for students of university and junior college are both based on Article 15 and Article 11 of Constitution under constitutional protection. Moreover, this study focus on “relation of students in school” is special than the general legal relationship which have an impact on the elements of administrative litigation. Besides, this study references and comments the rulings and judgments which related to these issue. Look forward to the results of this study will be judging criteria for administrative court.
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