| 摘要: | 位處亞洲大陸東南緣的臺灣，屬於歐亞大陸板塊與菲律賓海板塊的聚合交界處，為世界上有感地震最多的地區之一，此外，臺灣亦位於季風氣候帶與颱風行徑的路線上，每年夏季颱風水患等氣象災害造成的損失極為可觀，其他天然災害如梅雨、寒流、乾旱等也造成臺灣經濟上不小的損失，再因近年國內社會經濟活動蓬勃發展，土地開發與使用強度造成社會環境與生活型態巨大轉變，整體社會易致災性與風險也不斷向上攀升，根據研究報告，台灣暴露於三種天然災害之人口與面積比例均為73﹪；暴露於兩種天然災害之人口與面積比例為90﹪，居世界高位，於如此高災害潛勢下，政府及國人實應重視各項防救災議題，並加強整備災害防救工作。
當發生大規模災害，民眾遭逢重大變故後首要面對的民生問題，可能是尋求一個安全且可提供遮風避雨的場所，依據災害防救法第24條：『為保護人民生命、財產安全或防止災害擴大，直轄市、縣（市）政府、鄉（鎮、市、區）公所於災害發生或有發生之虞時，應勸告或強制其撤離，並作適當之安置』，而撤離究竟應該撤離至何處，於場所的安全性評估規劃將顯得非常重要，亦是政府所需紮實整備的工作。
災害管理四階段為「減災」、「整備」、「應變」及「復原」，本研究將透過文獻資料探討及現地評估調查，期盼能夠協助政府部門提供收容場所收容能量、開設運作及政策規劃等建議，以確保民眾生命安全。
Located in the southeast of Asia, Taiwan is on the convergent boundary between the Eurasian Plate and Philippine Sea Plate, one of the regions in the world with the most felt earthquakes. In addition, Taiwan is situated on the path of climatic monsoon zone and typhoons. Every summer, typhoons and floods cause enormous losses, and other natural disasters such as plum rain, cold current and drought also lead to considerable damage to the economy of Taiwan. Moreover, due to the prosperous development of social and economic activities in recent years, land development and usage strength have led to an immense change of social environment and life style, and disaster-prone areas and risks of the entire society have been soaring as well. According to research reports, the proportion of population and area of Taiwan that were exposed to three natural disasters are 73%, while the proportion of those that were exposed to two natural disasters are 90%, which ranked near top in the world. Under the high hazard potential, the government and people should value issues of disaster prevention and rescue and strengthen the task of disaster preparation, prevention and rescue.
When a large-scale disaster happens, the first livelihood problem people have to face after the major accident was to search for a safe shelter from wind and rain. According to Article 24 of Disaster Prevention and Response Act, “In a case of a disaster or where there is a concern of disaster, the municipal government, county (city) governments, or the township (city) office shall advise or force people to evacuate and provide proper settlement to protect the safety of people’s lives and properties or prevent further expansion of disaster.” This is a sturdy task that the government had to prepare for, as where people should be evacuated to, and the safety evaluation and planning of the location is highly important.
The four stages of disaster management were “disaster mitigation,” “preparation,” “response” and “recovery.” Through the discussion of documents and on-site evaluation and survey, this study hopes to assist government departments by proposing suggestions on the capacity of shelters, establishment and operation and policy planning to ensure life safety of the people. |
