| 摘要: | 醫療服務業因其工作特殊性，工作人員之職業健康暴露風險相對提高，為能掌握醫院職業災害之現況與趨勢，本研究依安全衛生危害特性將醫院工作人員的潛在危害分為：化學性、生物性、物理性、人因工程及其他等五類，以某區域醫院2004~2013年500筆職災案例，分別對職災案件之工作年資、潛在危害因素、職系、職稱、職災類別、性別、職業傷害因子、發生時段、地點及發生情境進行分析，並依勞動部職業失能傷害指標統計與其他醫院及其他行業進行比較分析，並以案例之危害特性探討災害防範對策。研究發現生物性危害是醫院工作環境主要危害屬性，佔61.6％，而主要職業危害來源是針扎，佔57％，尤其在下午時段發生率最高，以護理人員於病房照護病患時幫病人注射或抽血後抽出針頭時最常見，其次則為醫師於開刀房幫病患治療或手術中。以整體職災分析，女性平均發生人次比男性高0.11次，醫技人員是職災發生人次最高單位，然而行政人員容易在上午時段於工作中受傷及在上班途中於公路上發生交通事故，也發現個人每年職業災害發生的次數隨著工作年資的增加而逐漸遞減。與其他醫院相較之下發現，各家醫院皆是含交通事故的失能傷害指標高於不含交通事故，而與其他行業相較之下發現，醫院與其他服務業雷同，因沒有法令規定的危險性機械，故安全工作推行成效優於製造業。本研究發現個人不安全行為佔危害極大的比率，雖然現階段要達成百分百的零災害仍有一定的難度，若是透過各家醫院的評比，相信對於降低職業災害的發生率應有其推波助瀾的效果。;Employees of medical services have higher occupational exposure to health risk due to their unique work environment. In order to understand the status and trends of occupational hazards in hospitals, health and safety hazards are divided into five risk categories, including chemical, biological, physical, human engineering and others. Using a regional hospital with 500 occupational accidents from 2004 to 2013 as a case study, accidents were characterized by seniority, potential hazards, title, occupational hazard category, sex, occupational injury factor, occurred time, location and situation for analysis. The results obtained are then compared with other hospitals and industries for possible disaster countermeasures. The study found that biological hazard is of the largest contributor, accounting for 61.6％ of total hazard. The largest contribution is from needle injury, accounting for 57.0％ of total hazard. In particular, the highest incidence rates occur during afternoon. The most common cases are related to nursing staff during blood samples or injection when the needle is withdrawn from the patient followed by physicians helping patients with treatment or surgery in the operating room. Overall, occupational hazard analysis indicates that occurances happen to women is higher than that to men by 11％. The highest occurance is to medical technicians, however, executives suffer high accident rates at work and traffic accidents to work especially in the morning. It also indicates that the rate of accidents is reduced with increasing seniority. In comparison with other sectors, hospitals are of lower accident rates, because no dangerous machinery is involved. This study found that personal unsafe behavior contributed the most to accidents. At this point there is still a long way to go to achieve the goal of zero accident, however, by raising awareness we can start the process of reducing occupational accients in hospitals. |
