| 摘要: | 危害預防是職業安全衛生管理系統推行和運作的主軸，而危害辨識評估則是整個職業安全衛生管理推行成敗的關鍵程序。為了讓職業安全衛生管理系統能有效的執行，必須充分瞭解製程特性與可能發生的危害型態，方能擬定有效的危害預防對策。在各種職業安全衛生管理系統文獻中，雖都提及危害辨識的重要性，但對於如何具體運用適當的危害辨識方法，採行最具改善效益的危害預防對策，卻未能有一具體執行方法。因此本研究將建立一個系統性的危害管理系統。本研究以系統思維為基礎，分析製程活動中，所使用之設備、原料、作業活動、製程流程等各元素，以危害預防方法，逐步彙整出工廠製程中常見作業危害因素、危害類型、危害發生過程，分析危害發生機制、危害發生原因，考量危害發生後所造成衝擊的傳輸途徑與受體的脆弱度等，擬定各種危害預防對策，參考決策樹模式，選擇一最具改善效益的危害預防對策。本研究利用極薄鋼板製程為案例，驗證本研究所建立之危害管理方法的可行性與有效性。研究結果顯示，本研究建立之危害管理系統，可有效辨識作業製程潛在的危害及選擇最佳改善效益的危害預防對策，達到預防或降低事故發生的效益。;Hazard prevevtion of occupational safety and health management system is implemented and functioning of the spindle, and hazard identification assessment is implemented throughout the occupational safety and health management program the key to success. In order for occupational safety and health management system can effectively implemented, we must fully understand the hazards of the process characteristics and patterns that may occur in order to develop an effective risk prevention countermeasures. In a variety of occupational safety and health management systems in the literature, although both mentioned the importance of hazard identification, but for how the specific use of appropriate hazard identification methods adopted to improve the efficiency of the most hazard prevention measures, but failed to execute a specific method. Therefore, this study will establish a systematic hazard management system. In this study, systems thinking, based on analysis of process activities, each element in the equipment used, the raw materials, work activities, process flow, so as to hazard prevention methods, and gradually compiles factory manufacturing process common job hazards, hazard type ,hazardoccurrs process, analyze the mechanism of damage, because damage occurs, considering the harm caused by the occurrence of the impact and vulnerability of the transmission path, such as receptors, to develop a variety of hazard prevention measures, refer to the decision tree model, choose one of the most effective hazard prevention countermeasures to improve. In this study, the use of thin steel plate manufacturing process for the case, Verify hazard management methods to establish the feasibility and effectiveness of the institute. The results showed that hazard management system established in this study, the operating system can effectively identify hazards and select in choosing the best preventive measures to improve the effectiveness of harm, to prevent or reduce the effectiveness of the accident. |
