| 摘要: | 本論文主要研究王荊公詩歌，荊公政治和文學生命相終始，歷經初仕、京官、居喪、主政、隱居等身分轉換，交遊遭遇亦異，詩風數變，但是詩歌表現詩人堅持素志，以及對於全性保真之追求。為求詳人所略，略人所詳，以詩歌主題作為研究方法，梳理荊公詩人心靈與相應之文學表現。
本文包括緒論、結論共闢八章。從現實、歷史、思想、文學、審美等領域多面向討論荊公詩人生命特質與詩歌內涵，並透過宋代士人詩歌比較，凸顯荊公詩之特色。首先探討王荊公詩之淑世情懷與詩學觀，荊公博古通今，其詩以政治家眼光反映現實，議論時勢，並擘劃天下，詩學活動表現出重法度之傾向，並以杜詩風神為追慕典範，又能自出蹊徑。第二，探討荊公詩中之佛禪修持與創作構思，考述荊公佛禪家風之事實，中年之後漸見對於《楞嚴經》、《維摩詰經》、《圓覺經》等佛典、佛理之熟稔運用，表現以佛禪思維諦視萬物，擺落煩惱，昇華自我之境界，詩歌手法襲用禪門偈頌，一反詩歌正宗，又能熔鑄佛典，深拓詩意。第三，探討荊公詩歌中之出處選擇與隱逸情致，從儒、道隱逸觀念勾勒荊公內心之矛盾與情感交集，並考察荊公深化、異化〈北山移文〉及陶潛詩文之藝術表現，重探詩人隱逸思維之深度。第四，探討荊公詩歌呈現之藝術涵養與審美觀，以涉及琴、棋、畫之詩例為範圍，探索荊公出位之思與相通之藝術精神，亦能把握荊公審美追求。第五，探討荊公懷古詠史詩之史識及評史，以荊公與宋代文人詠史之同題詩作對比，就帝王、嬪妃、英雄、賢士及隱士五大身分類型展開討論，導出荊公懷古詠史詩之風格特色，並且歸納荊公詠史之基本動機：明道與求真。荊公藉由涵詠古事，隱現革新脈絡，目的則是照應政治現實。第六，探討荊公寫景詩中之境與情，考察荊公以記憶與想像作為藝術基礎，運用象徵與典故，對偶與鍊字，並從特殊之寫景模式與表現手法，表現意蘊豐富之心象世界。
綜言之，本文以為荊公一生具有執志、保真鮮明人格，並行不悖，相輔相成，並且貫穿本文六大主題思想。雖然主題各自獨立，實則體現了一個典型宋代士大夫之文化生命史。藉多元視角探討荊公面對各種環境，所表現之情感、心態、人生境界與詩歌特質，並期望能為學術界開啟更多討論與延伸空間。
;This study is mainly doing a research on the Wang Jing-gong’s poems, political achievement, and his life of literature. He had been through the experiences of being an official, observing mourning, heading the administration, and finally living in privacy. These made him have different interpersonal relationships, and also changed the style of his poems. However, his poems still remained the unadorned aspirations, and the pursuit of pure soul. In order to fully realize Wang, this paper uses the theme of his poems as the research methodology, combing out the link between Wang’s spirit and his compositions.
Including the introduction and the conclusion, this paper contains eight chapters, discussing Wang’s characteristic and the purport of his poems from the aspects of reality, history, thoughts, literature, and aesthetic, and emphasizing the uniqueness of Wang by comparing the poems in Sung Dynasty. First, discuss his feelings of serving people and his wring point. Wang was erudite; he reflected the reality through his poems from a politician’s view, and making comments on the current situation. His poems attended to value the moral standards. He saw Du fu as an example, but he also opened a new path for himself. Second, discuss the concept of Zen in Wang’s poems, and prove that his literary works were affected by Buddhism─in his middle-life, he started drawing on the sutras and its connotation for the material of his works, using the buddhistic point of view to see the world, being freed from vexation, and raising to the higher level. His compositions adopted buddhistic hymns, which departed from genuine poetry, but blended with the Buddhist Scriptures. Third, discuss the location and the seclusive thoughts in Wang’s poems, to see the conflicts and emotions in his mind from the angle in Confucianism and Taoistism. Explore how Wang deepened and dissimilated Kung Chih-guei’s and Tau Chian’s literary works, to learn the poet’s seclusive thoughts. Fourth, discuss the artistic achievements and aesthetic in Wang’s writings. Take his poems that involves guqin(Chinese seven-stringed zither), chess, and painting as the subject, seek out his andersstreben and the corresponding artistic perception, at the same time assure his appreciation of beauty. Fifth, discuss Wang’s history knowledge and his comment on history; use the five social statuses: emperors, concubines, heroes, distinguished men, and hermits, to compare Wang’s poems with the others written at the same dynasty, manifest the distinction of his historical poems, and find out the reason why he praised the history─to expound the idea of Tao and to pursue the truth. By doing so, Wang spread out the revolutionary thoughts and mirrored the political reality. Sixth, discuss the situation and the scene in Wang’s poetry, to discover the way he took his memories and imagination as the foundation, utilized badges and antithesis, in the meantime expressed his thoughts by a special wring skill.
In short, in Wang’s life, he stuck with his long-cherished will, and kept his vivid personality, which runs through the six issues of this research. Although it seems that all the six topics are unrelated, it embodies the life of a typical scholar in Sung Dynasty. From multiple perspectives discuss the emotion, mentality, life state, and peculiarity showed in his poems when he faced the circumstances. Finally, hope to extend more discussion among the academia. |
