自殺防治作為治理：解嚴後臺灣之自殺論述;Suicide Prevention as Governance: Suicide Discourses in Post-Martial Law Taiwan

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Title:	自殺防治作為治理：解嚴後臺灣之自殺論述;Suicide Prevention as Governance: Suicide Discourses in Post-Martial Law Taiwan
Authors:	黃意函;Huang,Yi-Han
Contributors:	英美語文學系
Keywords:	自殺;論述;自殺防治;歷史化;《完全自殺手冊》;青少年自殺;生命教育;suicide;suicide prevention;historicization;The Complete Manual of Suicide;youth suicide;governance;life education
Date:	2015-07-21
Issue Date:	2015-09-23 11:36:37 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	「自殺」在當代台灣被詮釋為一種流行病或一個歸屬於醫療的問題，各個學科都曾嘗試對自殺議題做出評析，進而生產出各式論述與研究傳統，而當前處理自殺的霸權論述則是精神醫學。目前(2015)以精神醫學為領航之自殺防治論述似乎已佔據台灣社會的道德、醫療、民眾觀感中的至高位置，然而中華文化的傳統與台灣民間習俗在現代化與醫療化的過程之中並沒有消失。當代以前的自殺論述包含多樣的面貌，包括連接傳統家庭價值的「孝道」、民間習俗的「冤魂」禁忌與形而上的「捨身取義」，但是在自殺防治論述中逐漸被抹消，甚至被認為是有自殺意念之患者延遲就醫時間的源頭。本文企圖以歷史檢視做為方法，擷取各領域的歷史材料與新聞再現的真實，交織呈現自日據時期至國民政府遷臺到解嚴後自殺論述的變化風貌，同時希望藉此釐清自殺論述在各個時期的特色，而這些自殺論述又如何在歷史的進程中產生變化，以及各個時期自殺論述生產之主要成因。其中又以1990年代與2000年之後的自殺論述發展最為劇烈，因此本文特別在章節中篩選90年代的代表性事件 (北一女自殺事件與《完全自殺手冊》騷動事件)，以及自殺防治論述與生命教育於2000年之後的結合，各為一章，分別分析九零年代期間對於自殺論述主導權之劇烈爭戰，以及2000年之後自殺防治論述如何成為當代台灣談論自殺語境之圭臬並生產出與之為一體兩面的「生命教育」以框現學校體系中主體對於自殺的情感反應。以「自殺防治」作為主軸的自殺論述，對於「非自殺防治論述」(如《完全自殺手冊》、中華文化解釋自殺的彈性空間、或傳統信仰的「收驚」儀式等…)產生排他性，也進而淨化、窄化討論自殺論述的空間，更在情感上達成主體對於自殺的制約反應。本文希望能藉歷史脈絡化自殺論述之發展，達成擴充自殺論述的討論、發展更多探討自殺議題的空間，並呈現自殺論述存在於台灣社會文化中的矛盾、多樣性與複雜豐富的質地。 ;This thesis re-examines the current dominance of suicide prevention discourse and the widely accepted pathologized suicide implications in contemporary Taiwan. Increasingly constructing suicide as a personal and psychological problem, this pathologization of suicide has helped the creation of institutions, discourses, and national policies that work together to form a concrete demonstration of social and emotional governance. Illuminated by Michael Foucault’s archaeological methods of examining the current “taken-for-granted” truth from a larger historical framework, this thesis analyzes the suicide discourses through historicizing the major transitions of suicide discourses, and cross-referencing with histories of medical sciences, psychiatry, the “children protection” cause, changing representations of teenagers, as well as the transitions of political-socio-economical structure and cultural elements in Taiwan to find out what contributed to the current dominance of suicide prevention discourse. The current dominance of suicide prevention discourse is seen as a purifying force that works to eliminate the deviants and constructs its own essence as a delicate “life politics” that props up an affective governance.
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