雍正能臣李衛之研究

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题名:	雍正能臣李衛之研究
作者:	呂紹瑜;Lu,Shao-Yu
贡献者:	歷史研究所在職專班
关键词:	李衛;雍正;模範督撫;Li Wei;Emperor Yongzheng;model official
日期:	2015-07-08
上传时间:	2015-09-23 14:55:41 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	李衛(1688-1738)，字又玠，卒諡敏達，是備受雍正皇帝寵信的能臣。他於康熙五十六年(1717年)以捐納開啟宦途。入雍正朝後，累官迅速，由雲南驛鹽道起，一路遷升至浙江巡撫、總督，最後擔任「疆臣之首」的直隸總督，而於乾隆三年(1738年)卒於任上。綜觀李衛於雍正朝迭獲重用，其積極、嚴苛的治理方式，對當時吏治產生甚大的影響。雍正繼位後，為能順利推行新政，特別注重地方督撫的任用。本文藉由對李衛治績的論述，突顯其「實心辦事」的任官態度，以探討李衛與雍正用人原則的關聯性。首先將概述李衛的家世及人格特質，其以雲南鹽政的傑出表現，獲得雍正重用。其次則探究李衛任職浙江巡撫、總督期間，在改革鹽政、清查虧空、推動攤丁入畝、打擊盜匪、開發玉環島等優異的治績。最後則闡述其於直隸總督時，整頓直隸營伍，和在治河賑災等的心力付出，以及其不瞻情面，勇於彈劾范時繹、鄂爾奇、朱藻等人的剛直表現。因此他能成為雍正朝的能臣，亦深受乾隆信賴。康熙末年腐敗的官場風氣，讓雍正深覺改革的急迫性，加上其獨特的用人原則，所以使李衛獲得升遷的機會，而李衛也確實以傑出的治績來回應雍正的信任。恩眷日深，李衛愈是奮力回報，但也遭受「恃寵放縱」、「粗率狂縱」的批評，突顯出李衛先天的人格缺陷。但這無減雍正對他的寵信，因為雍正所重李衛之處在於其「操守廉潔，勇敢任事」。無怪雍正視李衛為「模範督撫」。 ;Li Wei (1688-1738, courtesy name as Youjie; posthumous title as Minda) was a capable official deeply trusted by Yongzheng. In the fifty-sixth year of the Kangxi period(1717), he became an official through the subscription system. After attaining an official position during the Yongzheng period, from the salt official of Yunnan to the governor of Zhejiang and finally the governor- of Zhili as "the leader of local governors," he had had a meteoric rise. In the third year of the Qianlong period (1738), he died as the governor of Zhili. The rise of Li Wei in the Yongzheng period was rapid as a whirlwind. He employed active and strict administrations, which made a huge impact on the officialdom during the Yongzheng period. When Yongzheng became the emperor,he focuse dparticularly on employing local officials to carry out his new policies. This article will discuss Li Wei′s governing performances to emphasize his attitude of conscientious administration, so as to discuss how he related to Yongzheng′s principles of employment. First I will describe Li Wei′s background and his characteristics, and how he earned Yongzheng′s trust through his outstanding performances while being the salt official of Yunnan. What follows is an exploration of his achievements such as the reformation of salt regulations, the investigation on financial deficits, the system of sharing man taxation in fields, the repelling of the bandits, and the development of the Yuhuan Island. Finally I will elaborate his efforts as governor of Zhili.In the matter of military consolidation, water regulation, relief management, etc. All those achievements as well as Li Wei′s upright and outspoken attitudes while standing out to impeach Fan Shiyi, E Er Qi and Chu Zao have made Qianlong trust him deeply. The political atmosphere went corrupted in the last few years of Kangxi Emperor, therefore Yongzheng Emperor found it imperative to reform. Yongzheng had unique principles toward officials employment and that made great opportunities for Li Wei′s promotion. In return, Li Wei showed his gratitude through his brilliant and trustworthy governing ability. While he worked hard in response to Yongzheng′s trust, he was also criticized as being presumptuous and barbarous. With his personality defects, Li Wei was still a person fond of and trusted unduly by Yongzheng since the emperor saw Li Wei as an incorruptible and responsible subordinate. It is understandable why Yongzheng viewed Li Wei as a model official.
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