| 摘要: | 日治時期，於大正9年(1920)將桃園、新竹、苗栗三區統整成新竹州後，桃竹苗地區便被視為一個個體。不論是在經濟產業上的發展，還是人文歷史的演進，更甚而是族群聚落的探討，全是可以同時納入研究之空間範圍。本文透過文獻資料，及後期各方學者對新竹州開墾背景、客家移民遷徙過程的研究，來深入了解桃園、新竹和苗栗三地區在日治時期之前的區域發展狀況，也剖析桃竹苗地區客家聚落眾多之因。隨後引用日治時期的官方人口統計資料，進一步分析日治時期新竹州內各郡人口上的劇增情形，也能知道各郡的土地發展情形。之後探討造成新竹州人口遷移的三項因素—交通發展、經濟產業及天然災害，以了解其對新竹州的人口及區域所產生的影響力。再致力探討日治時期造成新竹州移民們艱辛移墾的原因，及日後隨著臺灣中、南部及東部的開墾，舉家外遷，不辭辛勞地投入遠地的各項勞力工作，才導致日後在臺灣各縣市的新開發區域，尤其是近山區出現一個又一個的客家村莊。;During Japanese colonial period, Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli are considered as an individual after they got integrated into Hsinchu State in taisho period 9 (1920). Whether the development of industry in the economy, or evolution of cultural history, even exploration of ethnic settlements, all can be subsumed into the spatial extent of research at the same time. From this thesis, through literature and research from all parties of scholars about reclamation background of Hsinchu State and Hokka immigrant process of changing residence at late stage, can thoroughly find out regional development in Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli before Japanese colonial period, and analysis causes which lead lots of Hakka settlements in Tao Zhumiao area. Afterward when quote the official population statistics in Japanese occupation to further analyze the population growth situation of each county in Hsinchu State during Japanese colonial period, we also can know the land development of counties. Furthermore, this study firstly is focusing on Transport development, Economic industry and Natural disasters, three important factors which cause population migration of Hsinchu State, in order to realize the influence to the population and region of Hsinchu State. Then, make efforts in exploring the reason to make residents of Hsinchu State move hardily for reclamation, later on, family relocate with the reclamation of Central Taiwan, South and East, and painstakingly throw themselves into labor work in the distance, therefore, new development area in counties got formed, especially one after another Hakka village appear in near mountain. |
