早期隨著國內經濟的迅速發展大都會亦因擁有較多資源故吸引各地學子及工作人口流入，然而都會人口也隨之急速增加，相對的市民生活環境及衛生習慣也將隨之改變，若依照過去將家庭污水流入水溝，並排放入河川，不僅將影響水質水體、破壞環境，嚴重時更將造成傳染病流竄，妨害居民的健康，因此大都會區為加速改善市民生活環境極需建立衛生下水道系統，利用衛生下水道改善都市的環境衛生。雖地方制度法中明文規定直轄市與縣（市）的衛生下水道建設及管理為地方自治事項，但在下水道法中也同時規範了中央與地方政府對於衛生下水道建設推動之權責劃分。在實務推動上，以新北市為例，近年來隨著接管普及率的增加累積，形成龐大的靜脈輸送系統，故衛生下水道工程作業一般採用明挖或非開挖之推進工法，而管道推進工法為都市地區挖掘下水道常用之方法，目前直轄六都及全國各縣、市內巷道大部分採用此法。 為驗證本研究模式之合理性與實用性，本研究以衛生下水道小管徑污水管推進工程前置佈設作業圓形鋼管擋土工作井之施作機組指派為範例，其工作區內施作機組包含自有與外調伸縮臂抓斗式挖土機加油壓式搖管機機組兩種，進行模擬測試，以最佳化求得最小成本，並與其人工經驗指派之成本相較比對，並可確認低成本及更具效率之成果，故亦可即時提供決策者精確之判斷依據。因此本研究亦可適用於衛生下水道工程中相關機組指派之問題。 ;With rapid development of domestic economy at early stage, metropolitan that owns more sources can attract inflows of students and working population everywhere; however, urban population will be risen sharply making the relative residents living environment and health habit change accordingly. In the past, household sewage was made to flow into the ditch before discharging to the river. It not only affected water quality and water body to damage the environment, much worse, but also allowed infectious disease to travel and harm resident’s health. Therefore, sanitary sewer system should be urgently built in metropolitan region to accelerate the improvement of citizen living environment, so as to improve urban environmental health.
Although sanitary sewer construction and management in municipalities and local governments are expressly stipulated as local self-government in accordance with Local Government Systems Act, division of authority and responsibility in sanitary sewer construction promoted by central and local governments is also specified according to Sewerage Act. Based on the example of New Taipei City for practical promotion, a huge veins carrying system is generated with accumulated increase of penetration rate of pipe works in recent years. Consequently, pipe jacking method for open cutting or non-excavation is normally used in sanitary sewer engineering work. Pipe jacking method is a common method used to excavate the sewer in metropolitan region, which is mostly used for roadways in six municipalities and local governments.
In order to verify reasonability and practicability of this research mode, this study took an example of execution crew assignment for round steel pipe earth-retaining working well preset in pipe jacking engineering for small diameter sanitary sewage pipe, working area in which execution crew includes owned and external excavator with long arm bucket and hydraulic casing oscillator are used for simulation test to acquire minimum cost through optimization. Compared to the cost by human experience in the dispatching, the result showing low cost and more efficient way can be confirmed to provide for decision maker’s precise judgment. In consequence, this study is also applicable to the issues relating to crew assignment in sanitary sewer engineering.
