| 摘要: | 香蕉是台灣非常重要的農作物，也是台灣外銷到日本中的水果之一。由Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense 所引起的香蕉黃葉病，開啟台灣對香蕉真菌研究的重要性。所以，本研究在台北，桃園，苗栗和宜蘭以隨機採集的方式收集樣品，調查並鑑定北台灣香蕉上真菌種類，同時描述及繪製記錄包括台灣新的紀錄及其他種類。並利用真菌形態學及DNA分子技術鑑定菌種；亦即比較培養於玉米瓊酯培養基及自然基質下，真菌形態的異同，同時利用Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 和Large subunit (LSU) rDNA分子序列分析輔以鑑定真菌種類。此研究採集及鑑定的香蕉上真菌有22種，分別是: Acrodotium crateriforme, Acremonium furcatum, Acremonium sp. 1, Acremonium sp. 2, Alternaria sp., Cordana musae, Colletotrichum musae, Chaetothyrina musarum, Fusarium sp., Metulocladosporiella musicola, Musicillium theobromae, Phoma sp., Phyllosticta sp., Plectosphaerella sp., Pseudocercospora sp., Pyricularia angulata, Ramichloridium biverticillatum, Ramichloridium ducassei, Uwebraunia musae, Verticillum insectorum, Zasmidium sp. 及Gen nov. sp. nov.。其中有四個是台灣新的紀錄及兩個新的種類。;Bananas are very important crops in Taiwan and are also exported to Japan. The spread of Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense shows the importance of basic research of fungi associated with bananas in Taiwan. We randomly collected samples from Taipei, Taoyuan, Miaoli and Yilan. Molecular analyses were used to determine the fungal species on bananas leaves. The morphology of the species on natural substrata was compared with that in culture. In the DNA analysis, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) for at least 97% identities of Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA were used for species identification as well as phylogenetic analyses. 22 fungi on banana were collected, including Acrodotium crateriforme, Acremonium furcatum, Acremonium sp. 1, Acremonium sp. 2, Alternaria sp., Cordana musae, Colletotrichum musae, Chaetothyrina musarum, Fusarium sp., Metulocladosporiella musicola, Musicillium theobromae, Phoma sp., Phyllosticta sp., Plectosphaerella sp., Pseudocercospora sp., Pyricularia angulata, Ramichloridium biverticillatum, Ramichloridium ducassei, Uwebraunia musae, Verticillum insectorum, Zasmidium sp. and an undescribed species. Four specise, Chaetothyrina musarum, Metulocladosporiella musicola, Pyricularia angulata, and Uwebraunia musae are new records for Taiwan. Besides, one new genus and species and one new Zasmidium species are new taxa of the world. |
