| 摘要: | 1945年抗日戰爭結束後，國軍與共軍在華北地區短兵相接，兩軍的軍事衝突從暫緩、再起到擴大，最後導致國共內戰於1946年7月全面爆發。1946年7月到10月，華北國軍在「大同集寧戰役」與「張家口戰役」大敗華北共軍並在此階段取得了戰局優勢。1946年11月到1947年6月期間，國共兩軍在「易滿戰役」、「保南戰役」與「徐水戰役」後於華北地區形成戰局僵持。國共內戰的持續導致華北地區的國統區與解放區陷入了經濟危機，然而在經濟議題上不同處理方式，使兩軍根據地的社會與軍事情勢發生不同的變化：國民政府的經濟改革失敗，導致國統區的社會情勢陷入混亂，而間接削弱華北國軍的軍事實力；反觀中共的經濟改革成功穩定解放區的社會情勢，並使共軍的軍事實力開始提升。1947年4月到6月期間，華北地區歷經「正太戰役」、「青滄戰役」與「保北戰役」後，華北共軍在戰局上扭轉劣勢並開始反攻。1947年7月到1948年1月期間，華北共軍在「大清河北戰役」、「第二次徐水戰役」、「清風店戰役」、「石家莊戰役」與「淶水戰役」之後重創華北國軍，華北共軍在1947年結束後開始取得戰局優勢，奠定其日後攻陷華北地區的戰局基礎。;After the end of Sino-Japanese war in 1945, the battle between Republic of China Army（ROCA）and the Chinese People’s Liberation Army（PLA）at North China, the military conflicts increased gradually and led to the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War in July, 1946. From July to October in 1946, the ROCA defeated PLA during DaTong-Jining Campaign and ZhangJiaKou Campaign at North China which was an advantage to ROCA. During November 1946 to June 1947, both ROCA and PLA played equally in YiMan Campaign, BaoNan Campaign and XuShi Campaign at North China. Continuation of the civil war causes the heavy economic crisis in District Ruled by Kuomintang（KMT）and Liberated Area by Communist Party of China at North China, due to the different approaches on economic issue, resulted in different military changes locally and socially at North China. The economical failure of KMT government, the KMT dominated society was in a chaos, and then military force of ROCA stepped down in North China. On the contrary, the Communist regions was in a state of stable economic condition, and then military power of PLA was advanced at North China. After Zhengding-Taiyuan Campaign, QingXian-CangXian Campaign and BaoBei Campaign during April to June in 1947, the PLA increased dramatically and began reversing the tide at North China. During July 1947 to January 1948, PLA successfully defeated ROCA during DaQingHeBei Campaign, Second XuShi Campaign, QingFengDian Campaign, ShiJiaZhuang Campaign and LaiShui Campaign. PLA gained advantage afterwards, and laid the foundation of gaining power at North China since 1948. |
