| 摘要: | 本研究試圖去估計各種類型的創新活動要素對於廠商經營績效的影響，利用民國100年台灣電子零組件製造業的廠商資料為研究樣本，在這些創新活動要素之中，主要討論的重點會放在R&D和技術購買對於廠商勞動生產力的直接影響與間接影響，過程中將先提出有關創新活動與廠商績效的文獻作為參考，用以建構出一個完整的研究框架，利用兩個隨之發生的模型進行實證分析。第一個為R&D支出決定模型，目的是要確認有哪些可能影響廠商R&D支出的因子；第二個為勞動生產力模型，除了R&D與技術購買之外，在此模型中還加入了員工教育訓練，過程中將會依照廠商的所有權結構、銷貨市場差異以及四位碼產業別將樣本觀察值進行分組，驗證創新活動與勞動生產力的關係。兩個模型都加入其他的控制變數來降低廠商或產業特性可能造成的內生性影響，第一個模型使用Tobit的估計方法，發現R&D支出費用與廠商規模之間呈現非線性的倒U關係，可能存在最適的廠商規模水準，此結果與多數文獻的結論一致，Schumpeterian hypothesis應該可以被證實，本研究也發現除了FDI之外，自有品牌、出口外銷以及技術購買對於R&D支出費用有顯著正相關。第二個模型使用OLS的估計方法，實證結果指出除了國外技術購買之外，其他的創新活動要素都與勞動生產力有顯著正相關，另外也發現R&D與國內技術購買對於勞動生產力的影響有顯著的替代效果。值得注意的是，外資廠商的R&D與技術購買皆對於勞動生產力沒有顯著相關性，而出口商則是員工教育訓練對於勞動生產力沒有顯著相關性。儘管如此，若將整個電子零組件製造業的樣本觀察值依照四位碼產業別進行分組，實證的結果可以發現不同領域的科技產業在勞動生產力的變化上，有著不一樣的創新特性與傾向。;This paper makes an attempt to estimate the influence of a variety of innovative activities on firm’s performance. Utilizing a rich manufacturing firm-level dataset of Taiwan electronic industry in 2011, the main objective of this paper is to investigate direct and indirect effects of in-house R&D and technology transfer on labor productivity. First of all, this paper addresses previous related literatures that are conducive to build a conceptual framework of innovations and to structure two consequential models of the study. In addition, some control variables are added into both models for mitigating potential endogenous effects that may arise from firm or industry specific characteristics. The first one is to capture the roles of relevant factors in determining R&D expenditure of a firm. Based on Tobit method, there is evidence of an inverse U-shaped relation between firm size and R&D expenditure. The optimum (satiation) point does exist, which may support Schumpeterian hypothesis. Otherwise, brand, exporting and technology transfer are positively related to R&D expenditure other than FDI. And the second model is to examine the impact of R&D, technology transfer and on-the-job training on labor productivity by classifying all observations with ownership, export activity and four-digit industry. Based on OLS method, the empirical results indicate that, except foreign technology, R&D, domestic technology and on-the-job training are found to be positively related to firm performance as measured by labor productivity, but the interactive effect of R&D and domestic technology on labor productivity is negative. For the latter, it’s interesting to ascertain if R&D really substitutes for the domestic technology. A noteworthy overcome is that R&D and technology transfer cannot facilitate labor productivity of FIEs, while on-the-job training is also unable to raise that of exporters, although FDI and export activity are generally known as important ways to acquire foreign tech-knowledge. Nevertheless, firms in various scientific sectors seem to have distinct innovative characteristics and propensity in terms of increasing labor productivity. |
