清代臺灣漢人婦女財產權之研究

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Title:	清代臺灣漢人婦女財產權之研究
Authors:	翁伃嫺;Wong, Yu-sian
Contributors:	歷史研究所在職專班
Keywords:	清代臺灣婦女;財產權;婦女經濟;繼承權;管理處分
Date:	2018-07-20
Issue Date:	2018-08-31 15:02:25 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	本研究主要分為三個章節談清代臺灣漢人婦女之財產權。第一章分析財產的主要來源；第二章討論擁有財產後的婦女如何管理與支配；第三章為婦女如何使財產得到社會與國家的保障。本研究採用臺灣各地地方志、時人記錄、文集、民間契約以及《淡新檔案》等史料，運用分析、歸納、整合等方式，試圖釐清清代臺灣漢人婦女財產的擁有與管理，並討論傳統禮教與法律規範對婦女的影響為何，以期完整地呈現清代臺灣漢人婦女財產的整體情況。第一章財產的來源，將女性財產分為被動繼承和主動獲取，女性在被動繼承方面，多透過父母贈與的嫁資或妝奩以及繼承丈夫逝世後的遺產；主動獲取是女性透過自身能力參與社會經濟活動以賺取金錢，如：女紅、採茶、雜工等。第二章財產的管理與處分，女性管理與處分家業的機會多在男性家長無法發揮作用時，此外亦有女性買賣土地、屋宅，因此藉以探討女性在家庭中的經濟地位及支配情況。第三章財產的保障，分為宗族與法律兩部分討論。宗族提供對於孤寡的女性經濟支持，而當有糾紛時，往往會交由族長處置；另一方面，婦女試圖運用法律的公權力保障財產，官府則是以維持社會的穩定性，減少紛爭為目的，選擇性地保護婦女財產。清代臺灣社會處於轉型中的社會，從早期移墾社會成為文治社會，又伴隨著開港通商，商業氛圍濃厚，而女性亦受到影響，女性的生活空間和活動範圍增廣，許多女性走出家門，運用自身的能力賺取金錢謀生，帶動女性在家庭中地位的改變。加上男性於家庭中的缺席，使得女性可代為處置家業，成為家中實際掌權者，因此清代臺灣社會婦女的經濟地位大為提升。 ;This study is divided into three chapters on exploration of Taiwanese women’s property rights in Qing dynasty. In Chapter 1, the research analyzes these women’s main sources of property. In Chapter 2, how the women managed and controlled property after the owning was discussed. Chapter 3 is about how these women made their property secured by the society and nation. This study adopted chorography sourced across Taiwan, records written by people of the time, collected works, civil contracts, and historical materials like Tan-Hsin Archives using methods such as analysis, induction and integration in such intent to clarify the status of Taiwanese Han women owning and managing their properties in Qing dynasty. Focusing on sources of property in Chapter 1, women′s properties were mostly obtained by passive inheritance from parents or active acquisition from husbands. Active acquisition refers to women participated in social and economic activities to earn income themselves. Regarding to the management and disposition of property in Chapter 2, female manage and dispose family property, usually when male senior members could not play their roles, women would have to take a lead and manage the family property. In addition, there were also women buying and selling lands and houses, so it aroused the research to explore the economic role of women at home. Chapter 3 is on the protection of property, which is divided into two parts including clan and law. These clans provide economic support for single women. When it came to a dispute, such dispute often was judged by the leaders of clans although it might not result in efficiency. Meanwhile, the government’s power through laws intended to protect women′s property rights in order to stabilize society and reduce disputes.
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