Influences of habitat adaptation and geological events on Asian Common Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) distribution pattern

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题名:	Influences of habitat adaptation and geological events on Asian Common Toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) distribution pattern
作者:	黎方寶簪;Tram, Le Phuong Bao
贡献者:	生命科學系
关键词:	黑眶蟾蜍;地理親緣
日期:	2019-01-14
上传时间:	2019-04-02 14:21:45 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	南亞－東南亞地區一向被認為是生物多樣性熱點，但不幸的是，這個地區現正面臨著世界最高的森林砍伐率，而這也是導致棲息地喪失和生物多樣性受到嚴重威脅的關鍵因素。儘管由於森林砍伐的緣故導致了棲息地減少，黑眶蟾蜍卻仍然能夠擴大其在整個南亞－東南亞地區的分佈。此外，這種在亞洲常見的蟾蜍還擁有三個不同的支系，分別代表大陸，沿海和島嶼種群。因能夠辨識出影響生物體分佈現況的地質因素已經引起了研究興趣，故在本研究中利用整個南亞－東南亞地區的代表性樣本以及核與線粒體基因進行更深入的遺傳分析，旨在闡明形成黑眶蟾蜍分佈現況的地質因素。如預期地，本研究中重建了具有三種進化支系的親緣關係樹，而這三種進化支系有別於遺傳以及生態，能夠與亞洲大陸，緬甸沿海和巽他群島形成對應，並且估算出了在漸新世和中新世之間的分歧時間。為了適應位於環太平洋火山帶上巽他群島的獨特地質條件，島嶼種群具有最獨特的支系，而沿海進化分支的類群則代表了適應潮灘環境的支系。另外，結果也表明了黑眶蟾蜍可能由不止一個物種組成，以及每個物種都佔有獨特的生態位。;South and Southeast Asia have been considered as biodiversity hot-pot, however, unfortunately, they are now suffering from the highest rate of deforestation, which is the crucial factor causing habitat loss and puts biodiversity under serious threat. In spite of habitat loss due to deforestation, Duttaphrynus melanostictus is able to enlarge their occupation throughout South-Southeast Asia. Furthermore, this Asian Common toad also possesses three distinct lineages representing for Mainland, Coastal and Island populations. Identifying geological factors that shaped the current distribution pattern of living organisms has attracted research interest. Taking advantages of representative sample localities throughout South-Southeast Asia and intensive genetic analyses from both nuclear and mitochondrial genes, this research aims to elucidate the geological factors shaping the current distribution pattern of D. melanostictus. Expectedly, the phylogenetic tree, possessing three evolutionary lineages that differ genetically and ecologically, corresponding to Asian Mainland, Coastal Myanmar, and Sundaio islands, was reconstructed. The divergence time was estimated in Oligocene. Island group is the most distinct lineage due to the acclimatization to the unique geological condition of Sundaio islands, where locates on the Pacific Ring of Fire, while the distinction of the Coastal clade represents a lineage adapting to tidal flats environment. Furthermore, the outcome also suggests that D. melanostictus may consist of more than one species and each conquers unique niches.
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