| 摘要: | 近幾年來，科學界對「有機-無機鈣鈦礦太陽能電池(PSC)」產生極大的關注，因為PSC製程簡單、材料價格便宜且具有高的光電轉換效率等優點。然而，若使用溶劑工程法製備鈣鈦礦膜，無法精準控制鈣鈦礦的結晶，所得膜有許多晶界(Grain boundary)，影響所組裝之元件的光伏表現和長時間穩定性。本研究將「釕金屬染料(N749、CYK-17、CYK-18、CYK-19)、有機染料(BTI-3、BTI-19、INDT-1)」旋轉塗佈於鈣鈦礦膜的表面，填補鈣鈦礦膜表面的缺陷，並擴大其在長波長的吸光能力，增加元件的光電轉換效率與穩定性。但是上述七種染料修飾物，只有釕金屬染料(N749、CYK-17)與有機染料(BTI-19)修飾鈣鈦礦膜所組裝之元件的光電轉換效率，比未經染料修飾Psk膜之元件高出1%以上。從IR光譜圖看到，染料結構中的羧基(R-COOH)與硫氰酸根(SCN)的波數，有紅位移的現象。證明染料會與鈣鈦礦的鉛離子產生作用力。從接觸角得知，鈣鈦礦膜經染料修飾後的接觸角為(Psk/N749：75.6o、Psk/CYK-17：75.6o、Psk/BTI-19：78.8o)大於未經修飾之鈣鈦礦膜(Psk：56.5o)，推得鈣鈦礦膜經染料修飾形成疏水的表面，減少水氣的吸附，延長鈣鈦礦膜的壽命。從光致螢光光譜圖得知，鈣鈦礦膜經染料修飾的螢光強度，皆比未經染料修飾的鈣鈦礦膜強。推得鈣鈦礦膜經染料修飾，能增加激子的生命期，減少電子與電洞發生再結合的機率。相較鈣鈦礦膜為吸收層所組裝之元件的光電轉換效率(17.70%)，染料修飾鈣鈦礦膜組裝之元件的光電轉換效率(Psk/N749(cell)：19.62%、Psk/CYK-17(cell)：18.66%、Psk/BTI-19(cell)：19.08%)，並且將元件放置於大氣環境與手套箱中，皆比Psk(cell)有較好的穩定性。因此使用染料塗佈於鈣鈦礦膜組裝之元件，是同時增加元件效率和穩定性的有效方法。;Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite absorber has attracted great attention from the new generation PV community. PSCs has the characteristics of simple process, cheap material, and high power conversion efficiency. However, perovskite film prepared with solvent engineering, the crystallization cannot be controlled precisely. As a result, the film has many grain boundaries which affect the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of the resulting photovoltaic devices. In this study, several Ruthenium dyes (such as N749, CYK-17, CYK-18, CYK-19) and organic dyes (such as BTI-3, BTI-19, INDT-1) were spin-coated on the top of the perovskite film to remedy the defects on the surface of the perovskite film to enhance the efficiency and stability of the cells. Among the above seven dye modifications, only N749, CYK-17 (ruthenium dyes) and BTI-19 (organic dye) can increase the efficiency of the cell. IR spectra evidenced the shift of absorption peaks of the carboxyl group (R-COOH) and thiocyanate (SCN) in the dye molecule suggesting the interaction between dye molecules and Pb+2 in perovskite. The contact angle of the perovskite film increases after modifying with dye molecules (Psk : 56.5o, Psk/N749: 75.6o, Psk/CYK-17: 75.6o, Psk/BTI-19: 78.8o) to create more hydrophobic surface. Consequently, the stability of the modified perovskite film as well as the corresponding devices enhanced. The photoluminescence intensity and life-time proved that dye modification can increase the life of the exactions and reduce the charge recombination of the perovskite film. The efficiency of the cell based on unmodified perovskite is 17.70% which is smaller than those based on dye-modified perovskite solar cell (Psk/N749(cell) : 19.62%, Psk/CYK-17(cell) : 18.66%, Psk/BTI-19(cell) : 19.08%). Furthermore, the longer stability of the cell based on dye modified absorber is better than that used unmodified perovskite absorber both in ambient atmosphere and glove box. |
