| 摘要: | 依據美國空氣清淨法及增修條文 (Clean Air Act Amendments, CAAA)，有害空氣汙染物 (Hazardous Air Pollutants, HAPs) 定義為「任何空氣汙染物導致死亡率增加，危害人體健康而不可回復，或造成能力喪失但能恢復之症狀，稱為有害空氣汙染物」。
因應台灣高濕度環境與工業區林立之特性，本研究自製一全自動化除水 (Water Management, WM) 及熱脫附 (Thermal Desorption, TD) 裝置以串連GC/MS在工業區周界進行線上監測空氣中HAPs濃度。WM-TD-GC/MS小時數據以自動化處理方式鎖定HAPs物質進行定量估算，並將數據直接上傳至雲端系統，利於工業區內部對於排放狀態之即時掌握。本研究所開發之WM-TD-GC/MS方法係參考環保署NIEA A715.15B標準方法品保規範建立檢量線、每日查核規範，評估準確度 (回收率)、精密度、方法偵測極限等。
為了掌握HAPs排放及同步偵測光化學評估測站 (Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations, PAMS) 鎖定之光化前驅物，本WM-TD-GC/MS方法囊括NIEA A715.15B及NIEA A505.12B目標化合物 (扣除乙烷、乙烯及乙炔)，在使用單一分離管柱下將100種目標化合物進行定性定量，可在同一分析系統上偵測PAMS與HAPs兩大類有機揮發性化合物 (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs)。
在質譜全離子掃描 (Total Ion Chromatogram, TIC) 下，檢量線結果顯示RSD%介於1.37% ~ 15.95%之間，R值為0.993 ~ 0.999，方法偵測極限 (Method Detection Limit, MDL) 為0.06 ~ 0.69 ppb。本研究於台塑麥寮工業區內進行架站測試，並同時比對鄰近光化測站及離線式採樣罐分析之結果，以確保此Online WM-TD-GC/MS數據之可信度。
本研究成功開發新型WM-TD-GC/MS系統應用於工業區HAPs連續監測，提供工業區管理單位對於汙染物排放源進行內控，利於自我改善，並可對未知物進行偵測與鑑定，便於未來納入新增之目標化合物。透過線上質譜分析技術的開發及應用，能獲得HAPs物質長時間之濃度分布，以利未來客觀評估HAPs對居民造成之健康風險。;According to the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of the United States, Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) are defined as "Any air pollutants results in increased mortality, endanger human health that cannot be recovered, or cause symptoms that will harm abilities but can recover are called HAPs."
In response to the high humidity condition and scattered industrial zones, this study aims to develop an automated Water Management (WM) and Thermal Desorption (TD) System to couple with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) for on-line monitoring ambient HAPs. The WM-TD-GC/MS can provide hourly concentrations of the 100 target species in a continuous manner. Moreover, the data can be uploaded to the cloud system to provide instantaneous concentration information for the purpose of internal control and emission management. This study also established the protocol of quality assurance and control in accordance with the NIEA A715.15B method, which includes the establishment of concentration calibration, daily checks, accuracy (recovery), precision and method detection limits.
In order to have a grasp on emissions of HAPs and detect compounds targeted by the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS). Using a single capillary column the WM-TD-GC/MS method was able to incorporate 100 target compounds including most of the target compounds listed in NIEA A715.15B and NIEA A505.12B With the exception of ethane, ethylene and acetylene.
The system was conducted in the mode of Total Ion Chromatogram (TIC). The QA results show that the precision as represented by RSD% values are between 1.37% and 15.95%, the linearity as denoted by R values are between 0.993 and 0.999, and MDL are between 0.06 and 0.69 ppb. In this study, the field measurements were carried out in Formosa Petrochemical Corporation in Mailiao. To validate the performance of the online WM-TD-GC/MS, it was compared with both the PAMS measurements nearby and the offline canister sampling method.
This research successfully developed a novel WM-TD-GC/MS system for on-line monitoring air pollutants in industrial zones, providing concentration information for internal control of emissions for the management personnel of the industries. In addition, the instrument can identify unknown compounds to be added onto the list of target compounds in the future. Through the development and applications of the online system, risk assessment can be more accurately conducted with the availability of the instantaneous data of HAPs. |
