數學是科學之母，說明數學的重要性。從定期參加的國際大型成就評量可知，臺灣學生數學平均成就高，但學生數學成就落差越來越大，是我們嚴重的教育問題。了解哪些變項使得學生獲得高數學成就變得相當重要。故本研究旨在使用TIMSS 2015資料庫中的數據資料，對學生在TIMSS 2015數學成就中的高成就組與低學習組進行分類。該研究樣本由參加2015年TIMSS的5711名臺灣八年級學生組成。在數據分析中，以決策樹DT、分類與回歸樹CART、支持向量機SVMs，三種資料探勘方法進行分類學生數學成就，再以Weka軟體常用適切度評估分類性能。從這三種資料探勘的方式找到最適合用於分類學生TIMSS 2015數學成就的方式是分類與回歸樹CART。透過分類與回歸樹CART獲得高成就組學生共同特徵有「數學學習自信」與「家庭教育資源」這兩項。日後可以進一步的研究和應用在參與TIMSS的各個國家上，TIMSS研究不僅涉及數學成績，還評估學生的科學和閱讀技能。因此，可以對不同的教育領域進行研究，以找出與課程成績相關的因素。;Mathematics is the mother of science, which illustrates the importance of mathematics. From the regular international large-scale achievement assessments, we can see that the average achievement of Taiwanese students in mathematics is high, but the gap in mathematics achievement of students is increasing. This is a serious education problem for us. It is very important to understand which variables make students achieve high mathematics achievement. Therefore, this research aims to use the data in the TIMSS 2015 database to classify the high-achievement group and low-learning group of students in TIMSS 2015 mathematics achievement. The study sample consisted of 5711 Taiwanese eighth grade students who participated in the 2015 TIMSS. In the data analysis, three data exploration methods including Decision Tree, Classification and regression tree, and Support Vector Machines are used to classify students′ mathematical achievements, and then the classification performance is evaluated appropriately by Weka software. From these three data exploration methods, the most suitable method for classifying students′ TIMSS 2015 mathematics achievements is Classification and regression tree. Through Classification and regression tree, the common characteristics of high-achievement students are "Students Confident in Mathematics" and "Home Educational Resources". In the future, it can be further researched and applied in various countries participating in TIMSS. TIMSS research not only involves mathematics performance, but also evaluates students′ science and reading skills. Therefore, different education fields can be studied to find out the factors related to course performance.
