營造業的高風險源自於產業的環境與作業型態，例如作業場所易受不可抗力之自然狀況影響、工作內容本身具高危險性質等因素。我國為防止重大職業災害，於勞動檢查法第26條規定需辦理丁類危評作業，以及職業安全衛生法第5條第2項規定於設計及施工階段辦理風險評估。因此本研究旨在透過施工安全評估與風險評估兩制度之比較與個別分析，檢討丁類危評制度應如何透過風險評估之精神進行調整與實施。本研究蒐集與歸納產、官、學界專家對於現行兩制度之相關文件與制度執行之修正看法與具體建議，以期確定相關制度更革之推動內容與期程，成果包括：(1)於相關法令規定與文件內容中將「施工安全評估」一詞修正為「施工風險評估」用詞，以及提出調整過後之配套條文及文件，以減少事業單位重複性之作業；(2)針對現行風險評估制度，檢討目前執行之現況並提出具體之改善對策，期望本研究提出之安全與風險評估作業建議，於未來有助於提高營造工程之施工安全性，並改善國內安全管理之機制。;The high risk of the construction industry stems from the industry′s environment and operation types, such as the workplace is easily affected by force majeure natural conditions, and the work content itself is highly dangerous in nature. In order to prevent major occupational hazards in Taiwan, Article 26 of the Labor Inspection Act stipulates that Class D hazard assessment operations are required (i.e., the construction safety assessment system), and Article 5, Item 2 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act stipulates that risk assessment must be carried out during the design and construction stages (i.e., the risk assessment system). Therefore, the aim of this study is to review how the Class D risk assessment system should be adjusted and implemented based on the spirit of risk assessment by comparing and analyzing the construction safety assessment and risk assessment systems. This study collects and induces industry, government, and academic experts′ opinions and specific suggestions on the revision of relevant documents and system implementation of the two existing systems. The findings include: (1) amending the term "construction safety assessment" to "construction risk assessment" in relevant laws and regulations and documents, and proposing adjusted supporting provisions and documents to reduce repetitive operations of business units; and (2) in view of the current risk assessment system, reviewing the current implementation status and propose specific improvement measures. It is hoped that the safety and risk assessment operation suggestions proposed in this study will help improve the domestic safety management mechanism in the future.
