許多已發展國家正面臨低生育率，導致多個產業出現勞動力短缺的問題；與此同時，發展中國家的人口卻持續增長，高生育率造成勞動市場的不匹配。人口結構的轉變和差異將對各國經濟和社會產生重大影響。全球化促使人口流動的增加，移民現象日益顯著，移民人數呈持續增長趨勢。因此，深入了解影響移民意圖的各種因素，有助於各國政府制定相關政策以吸引人口的流入或減少人口的流失，有利穩定國家的經濟和促進社會的發展。本研究整合計畫行為理論與推-拉-繫住理論，深入探討各個推-拉因素影響對移民態度的影響，且比較它們相對的重要性，並引入其他心理因素和調節因素，去分析人們的移民行為。本研究以全球已移民及有意移民人士為調查對象，共回收有效樣本390份。實證分析結果顯示，經濟、社會、環境、家庭及群體因素有助形成良好的移民態度，移民國的經濟因素成為吸引移民的關鍵原因，它對移民態度影響最為顯著。在整合移民態度之比較下，拉力大於推力且受可支配所得的影響，也是與經濟有關。另一方面，人們在做出移民決策時，並不受繫住力的影響，而是更傾向於考慮態度的前置因素和適應新文化的信心程度。本研究之研究結果為學術界及各國政府提供了關於移民議題的參考方向與建議。;Due to low birth rates, many developed countries are facing labor shortages across various industries. In contrast, high birth rates in developing countries are causing population growth and labor market mismatches. Globalization has increased population movement, leading to a continuous rise in migration. Therefore, understanding the factors influencing migration intentions is important for governments to develop policies that attract immigrants or reduce emigrants, aims to stabilizing the economic and enhancing social development. This study integrates the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Push-Pull-Mooring model to validate the causal relationships between variables. The research model was tested using data collected from 390 questionnaires from migrants or potential migrants. The results of this study were summarized as follows. People’s migration attitude is influenced by economic, social, environment, family and peers’ factors, where economic factors are the most significant one. When comparing attitudes, pull factors outweigh push factors and are influenced by disposable income, which is related to economic factors. Additionally, cultural adaptation significantly affects migration intention. On the other hand, social pressure as a mooring factor does not significantly influence migration decisions. We conclude that people are more influenced by migration attitudes and cultural adaptation factors. The results of this study could provide a reference on academic and practical aspects.
