| 摘要: | 早期客家人迫於生存的壓力不斷向外遷移，早在中國原鄉，客家人就有進行過多次的大規模遷移。如今 21 世紀，在中國原鄉、臺灣與東南亞以至世界各地都有客家人，但是各地的客家文化因為接觸不同的族群、實踐不同的習俗、遵循不同的體制，有著因地而宜的變異，呈現截然不同的發展樣貌，而客家先民們將原鄉文化帶到移居地，並發展出兼具原鄉與當地特色的客家文化。
近年來海外客家研究蓬勃發展，然而針對歐洲客家研究之歐陸案例相對於世界其他區域卻鮮少許多，探討法國客家的研究更是十分缺乏，也欠缺一些關於基本面向的研究資料可以做為瞭解法國客家的基礎。此外，透過其他區域的客家研究發現，會館組織是研究與瞭解海外客家人與華人組織化活動的重要線索。因此，透過海外客家社團來研究海外客家的途徑有其重要性。基於上述，本研究鎖定法國本土為研究主題範圍，以當地的客家組織「法國崇正總會」與「法國臺灣客家會」以及其成員作為主要研究對象，並輔以已移居到當地但並未參加社團的客家人當作資料的補充，以致全面性地討論法國客家文化與法國客家人。本研究藉由文獻分析法、參與觀察法，以及深度訪談法，對法國客家社團進行田野調查、訪談與觀察，描繪法國客家如何再現族群文化與認同軌跡，並指出法國客家想像面臨的困境與威脅，進而探討族群相關理論與議題。
;For centuries, Hakka people have migrated to other places for better living conditions. From their indigenous region, China, Hakkas have carried out many large-scale migrations. Nowadays, there are Hakkas in China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and even all over the world. However, the Hakka culture in various places has local variations due to contact with different ethnic groups, practicing different customs, and following different systems. The Hakka ancestors brought the original culture to the places of migration and developed a Hakka culture with both original and local characteristics.
Overseas Hakka research has developed tremendously in recent years. However, research on the Hakka diaspora in Europe is still limited compared to other regions. Research on Hakkas in France has been particularly scarce and literature on the topic almost nonexistent. In addition, research on Hakkas in other regions has shown that looking specifically at Hakka associations can enable us to know more about the activities organized by the community. Based on these findings, this study focuses on France as the research subject area, taking the local Hakka associations "France Chongzheng Association" and "France Taiwan Hakka Association" and their members as the main research subjects, as well as those who have immigrated to the local area but have not participated. In addition, research on the Hakka minority in the world has also been conducted to provide a comprehensive discussion of French Hakka culture and people. This study uses document analysis, participant observation, and in-depth interview methods including field surveys, in-person and online interviews with the French Hakka community, to understand how French Hakkas reproduce ethnic culture and identity trajectories. It also points out some of the potential challenges faced by Hakkas in France and then explores ethnic-related theories and issues. |
