客家伯公信仰之傳承與演變：以桃園市楊梅區為例

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题名:	客家伯公信仰之傳承與演變：以桃園市楊梅區為例
作者:	胡貴禎;Hu, Guei-Jhen
贡献者:	客家語文暨社會科學學系客家研究碩士在職專班
关键词:	土地公;伯公;楊梅伯公;伯公信仰;日常神聖化;Tudigong;Bogong;Yangmei Bogong;Bogong belief;Everyday sacralization
日期:	2024-07-15
上传时间:	2024-10-09 15:46:16 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	在臺灣，伯公信仰是客家族群的重要宗教文化現象，深刻影響地方社會和客家人的日常生活，體現對祖先和土地的崇敬。楊梅地區的伯公信仰尤其普遍，與務農勞動、家庭脈絡和靈力經驗密切相關。伯公信仰在早期主要通過務農家庭的代際傳承和日常祭拜逐漸內化為個人信仰習俗，反映出家庭在信仰傳承中的關鍵作用及信仰習俗的穩定性與持久性。人們普遍在每月固定日子祭拜伯公，並在生活遇到困難或達成願望時向伯公祈求和感謝，將伯公視為慈祥的長者，這反映了信仰的歷史演進和文化融合。本研究發現許多信眾的伯公信仰源自家庭影響，從小耳濡目染，「日常神聖化」現象在伯公信仰處處可見。受訪者大多積極參與信仰活動，信仰主要承襲前一代的思想與文化。組織管理者對伯公信仰的熱忱和無私奉獻，推動了信仰文化的持續發展。本研究田野期間特別參與觀察多個伯公的慶典，如：元宵節迎請伯公看戲、二月二日伯公聖誕、跨縣市進香活動等。研究指出伯公的管理組織舉辦的活動如何促進了個人和社區的情感交流和凝聚力，對推動了信仰文化的傳承和發展具有重要影響力。研究通過訪談與田野調查後，深入了解現今楊梅客家族群對於伯公信仰文化的看法與態度，及對後代子孫持續延續伯公信仰文化的期盼，最後，本研究也指出對田野現場諸多現象的思考與討論。 ;In Taiwan, the belief in "Bogong" (Tudigong) is a significant religious and cultural phenomenon within the Hakka community, profoundly influencing local society and the daily lives of Hakka people. It reflects a deep reverence for ancestors and the land. The Bogong belief is especially prevalent in the Yangmei area, where it is closely linked to agricultural labor, family networks, and spiritual experiences. This belief is primarily passed down through farming families across generations and internalized as personal religious practices through daily worship, highlighting the crucial role of families in the transmission of faith and the stability and longevity of religious customs. People commonly worship Bogong on fixed monthly dates and seek his blessings and express gratitude during times of difficulty or after achieving their wishes, viewing Bogong as a benevolent elder. This perception reflects the historical evolution and cultural integration of the belief. This study found that many followers′ Bogong belief is influenced by their families, with the "everyday sanctification" phenomenon being evident in their devotion to Bogong. They actively participate in religious activities, inheriting the thoughts and culture of previous generations. The enthusiasm and selfless dedication of the organization managers have promoted the continuous development of the Bogong belief culture. During the field study, several Bogong festivals were observed, such as the Lantern Festival Bogong theater event, Bogong′s birthday on the second day of the second lunar month, and cross-county pilgrimage activities. The research highlights how activities organized by Bogong′s management organizations foster emotional exchanges and cohesion within the community, significantly influencing the transmission and development of the belief culture. Through interviews and field investigations, the study delves into the current views and attitudes of the Yangmei Hakka community towards Bogong belief culture and their expectations for the continued transmission of this culture to future generations. Finally, the research also discusses and reflects on various phenomena observed in the field.
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