外在獎酬對工作動機之影響－以內、外在工作動機傾向作為干擾變項

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：91

、訪客IP：18.224.55.82

姓名

王妤珣(Yu-Hsun Wang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

人力資源管理研究所

論文名稱

外在獎酬對工作動機之影響－以內、外在工作動機傾向作為干擾變項
(The Impact of extrinsic rewards on work motivation—the Moderating Effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation orientation)

相關論文

★ 人格特質對工作績效影響之探討-以F銀行財富管理事業群人員為例	★ 護理人員的人格特質與工作滿意及工作績效之關係—以工作壓力為調節變項
★ 護理人員之工作壓力、工作動機、工作滿意與工作績效的影響-以某公立醫院為例	★ 心理契約與勞雇關係之關聯性探討
★ 情緒智力對工作動機、工作滿意及工作績效之影響-以人力資源工作者為例。	★ 社會人際行為模式測驗與工作績效間關連性之探討
★ 財務與非財務獎酬對工作動機與工作滿意度之干擾研究-以M直銷公司為例	★ 薪酬制度與員工績效表現之個案研究
★ 領導行為、員工創新行為及績效表現關聯性之個案探討	★ 高科技廠商薪資策略與離職率關係之探討
★ 人力資源管理系統與組織文化之交互作用對組織績效的影響	★ 情境式與行為描述式結構性面談之比較研究
★ 日薪人員與月薪人員之工作動機傾向對其工作績效與工作滿意之影響	★ 本地員工人格特質與對外派人員的利他行為、互動適應之關連探討
★ 五大人格量表的效用分析—以Taylor-Russell、Naylor-Shine 及Brogden-Cronbach-Gleser 模型為例	★ 工作動機的效用分析

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

至系統瀏覽論文 ( 永不開放)

摘要(中)

Stajkovic & Luthans(1997)指出公司組織最常使用金錢、社會認同感和與績效表現相關的口頭回饋等三種方式作為外在獎酬項目，用以回饋員工的良好工作表現，並刺激員工工作動機。關於外在獎酬對工作動機之影響，學者一直存在有兩派不同的說法。一方學者認為金錢獎酬會削弱內在動機，而口頭獎酬可提升內在動機；另一方則認為金錢獎酬有助於員工績效表現。因此，以上三種獎酬項目對工作績效表現和工作動機的直接影響力已受到諸多研究的檢驗與衡量，然而，過去卻鮮少有學者將個人的一般動機傾向，納入外在獎酬對受試者從事特定工作的動機之影響因子當中。
本研究以國內大專以上學生作為研究對象，研究方法為進行實驗室實驗，針對特定任務測量受試者的工作動機，並輔助以問卷法測量工作動機傾向。實驗採用受試者內二因子實驗設計，透過提供不同的獎酬組合，瞭解接受外在獎酬對受試者工作動機所產生之影響。另外，本研究亦探討受試者長期而言，傾向受到內在或外在工作動機所驅使之個人差異，並分析外在獎酬對工作動機之影響，是否會受到工作動機傾向的干擾作用而產生不同的效果。
研究結果顯示，口頭獎酬會對內在動機產生正向影響，金錢獎酬則僅有部分的負向影響；而口頭獎酬會對外在動機產生正向影響。然而，內在工作動機傾向會對內在動機產生正向影響之假設僅部分成立；另外，本研究結果也顯示，工作動機傾向對外在獎酬與工作動機之間的關係，並不具有干擾效果存在。

摘要(英)

Stajkovic & Luthans(1997) mentioned that financial rewards, social identity and performance-related positive feedback are the most frequently used extrinsic rewards in organizations. They are used to reward employees’ good performance and to stimulate employees’ work motivation. However, there are different hypothesis on the effects of extrinsic rewards. Some scholars believe that financial rewards would undermine intrinsic motivation and positive feedback may strengthen intrinsic motivation, however, some scholars believe that financial rewards are good for employee performance.
The three extrinsic reward’s effects on work motivation and performance have been well studied; however, few researchers had put attention to include the influence of general work motivation orientation.
The study uses a puzzle-solving task as experiment tool. 160 undergraduate and graduate students were invited as subjects and randomly assigned to four experimental conditions. By using 2x2 between-subjects design, the experiment analysis the effects on extrinsic rewards toward subjects’ work motivation. Subjects are also required to fill out questionnaires of work motivation orientation. The research wants to examine the effects on the long-term work motivation orientation toward work motivation, and analysis the moderating effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation orientation between extrinsic rewards and work motivation.
Results show positive effects on positive feedback toward both intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, and partial negative effects on financial rewards toward intrinsic motivation. The findings also demonstrate only partial support on the hypothesis of positive effects on intrinsic motivation orientation toward intrinsic motivation. However, the research finds that work motivation orientation has no moderating effect between external rewards and work motivation. Practical implications and further suggestions on academic research of the results are discussed.

關鍵字(中)

★ 工作動機
★ 工作動機傾向
★ 認知評價理論
★ 自我決定論

關鍵字(英)

★ Work Motivation
★ Work Motivation Orientation
★ Cognition Evaluation Theory
★ Self-Determination Theory

論文目次

中文摘要 .................................................................................................................i
英文摘要 ............................................................................................................... ii
目錄 ...................................................................................................................... iii
圖目錄 .................................................................................................................... v
表目錄 ................................................................................................................... vi
第一章、緒論 ......................................................................................................... 1
第二章、文獻探討 ................................................................................................. 3
第一節、動機...................................................................................................... 3
第二節、工作動機 .............................................................................................. 6
第三節、內在工作動機....................................................................................... 8
第四節、外在工作動機..................................................................................... 10
第五節、衡量獎酬對工作動機之影響 .............................................................. 11
第六節、工作動機與工作動機傾向 .................................................................. 28
第七節、外在獎酬對工作動機與工作動機傾向之影響 .................................... 31
第三章、研究方法 ............................................................................................... 34
第一節、研究架構 ............................................................................................ 34
第二節、研究對象 ............................................................................................ 35
第三節、設備與儀器 ........................................................................................ 35
第四節、實驗程序 ............................................................................................ 36
第五節、衡量工作動機、工作動機傾向與外在獎酬........................................ 38
第四章、研究分析結果 ........................................................................................ 41
第一節、受試者樣本特性描述 ......................................................................... 41
第二節、各變項間相關分析 ............................................................................. 43
第三節、不同獎酬型態下工作動機之差異分析 ............................................... 45
第四節、各情境受試者間工作動機傾向分析 ................................................... 48
第五節、內在工作動機傾向對獎酬型態及內在動機之迴歸分析 ..................... 53
第六節、外在工作動機傾向對外在工作動機之迴歸分析 ................................ 58
第五章、研究結果與建議 .................................................................................... 60
第一節、研究結果 ............................................................................................ 60
第二節、研究貢獻與相關應用 ......................................................................... 63
第三節、研究限制與後續建議 ......................................................................... 64
參考文獻 .............................................................................................................. 66

參考文獻

Abuhamdeh, S., Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivational Orientations in the Competitive Context: An Examination of Person–Situation Interactions. Journal of personality, 77(5), 1615-1635.
Amabile, T.M. (1993), ‘Motivational Synergy: Towards New Conceptualizations of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation in the Workplace,’ Human Resource Management Review, 3, 3, 185–201.
Amabile, T. M., Goldfarb, P., & Brackfleld, S. C. (1990). Social influences on creativity: Evaluation, coaction, and surveillance. [doi: 10.1080/10400419009534330]. Creativity Research Journal, 3(1), 6-21.
Amabile, T. M., Hill, K. G., Hennessey, B. A., & Tighe, E. (1994). The Work Preference Inventory: Assessing intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(5), 950-967.
Arnold, H. J. (1976). Effects of performance feedback and extrinsic reward upon high intrinsic motivation. [doi: 10.1016/0030-5073(76)90067-2]. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 17(2), 275-288.
Benabou, R., & Tirole, J. (2003). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The Review of Economic Studies, 70(244), 489-489.
Calder, B.J., and Staw, B.M. (1975), ‘The Self Perception of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation,’ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 8, 599–605.
Cameron, J. (2001). Negative effects of reward on intrinsic motivation—A limited phenomenon: Comment on Deci, Koestner, and Ryan (2001). Review of Educational Research, 71, 29–42.
Cameron, J., & Pierce, W. D. (1994). Reinforcement, reward and intrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 64, 363–423.
Cameron, J., Banko, K. M., & Pierce, W. D. (2001). Pervasive negative effects of rewards on intrinsic motivation: The myth continues. The Behavior Analyst, 24, 1–44.
Cameron, J., Pierce, W. D., Banko, K. M., & So, S. (2003). Positive effects of rewards and performance standards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Record, 53, 561–579.
Cameron, J., Pierce,W. D., Banko, K. M.,& Gear, A. (2005). Achievement-based rewards and intrinsic motivation: A test of cognitive mediators. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97, 641–655.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., Rathunde, K., and Whalen, S. (1993).Talented Teenagers: The Roots of Success and Failure. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Danner, F. W., & Lonky, E. A. (1981). A cognitive-developmental approach to the effects of rewards on intrinsic motivation. Child Development, 52, 1043–1052.
de Charms, R.(1968). Persona causation: The internal affective determinants of behavior. New York: Academic Press.
Deci, E, L. (1971). Effects of Externally Mediated Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 105-115.
Deci, E, L. (1972b). The Effects of Contingent and Noncontingent Rewards and Control on Intrinsic Motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 8, 217-229.
Deci, E. L. (1972a). Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Reinforcement, and Inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 22, 113-120.
Deci, E. L. (1975). Some Thoughts on the Internal State Called Intrinsic Motivation. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, Illinois.
Deci, E. L., Cascio, W. F., and Krusell, J. (1975). Cognitive Evaluation Theory and Some Comments on the Calder and Staw Critique. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 81-85.
Deci, E.L., Connell, J.P., and Ryan, R.M. (1989), ‘Self-determination in a Work Organization,’ Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 4, 580–590.
Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 627–668.
Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation in education: Reconsidered once again. Review of Educational Research, 71, 1–27.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1980). The empirical exploration of intrinsic motivational processes. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 13. New York: Academic Press.
Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (1985). The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109–134.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation: Perspectives on motivation (Vol. 38, pp. 237–288). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1987). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1024–1037.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1995). Human autonomy: The basis for true self-esteem. In M. Kernis (Ed.), Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem (pp. 31-49). New York: Plenum.
Deci, E. L., Betley, G., Kahle, J., Abrams, L., & Porac, J. (1981). When trying to win: Competition and intrinsic motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 79–83.
Deci, E. L., Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. Educational Psychologist, 26, 325–346.
Deci,E . L., Schwartz, A. J.,Sheinman, L., & Ryan,R . M. (1981). An instrument to assess adults' orientations toward control versus autonomy with children: Reflections on intrinsic motivation and perceived competence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 642-650.
DelVecchio, S., & Wagner, J. (2011). Motivation and monetary incentives: A closer look. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 7, 1-1-13.
Gagne, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 331-362
Grades on children’s difficulty level choices. Child Development, 49, 788–799.
Hamner, W. C., & Foster, L. W. (1975). Are intrinsic and extrinsic rewards additive: A test of Deci's cognitive evaluation theory of task motivation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 14, 398-415.
Harackiewicz, J. (1979). The effects of reward contingency and performance feedback on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1352–1363.
Harter, S. (1978). Pleasure derived from challenge and the effects of receiving
Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.
Herzberg, F. (1971). Work and the nature of man. New York: World Publishing.
Hornby, P., a Sidney, E. (1988). Motivation and health service performance. WHO/EDUC/88-196. World Health Organization, Geneva.Johnson, F. A. (1993). Dependency and Japanese socialization. New York: NYU Press.
Koestner, R., Zuckerman, M., & Koestner, J. (1987). Praise, involvement, and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 383–390.
Kruglanski, A. W., Alon, S., & Lewis, T. (1972). Retrospective misattribution and task enjoyment. [doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(72)90075-3]. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 8(6), 493-501.
Kruglanski, A., Friedman, I. and Zeevi, G. (1971), “The Effect of Extrinsic Incentives on Some Qualitative Aspects of Task Performance”, Journal of Personality, 39, 608–617.
Lepper, M. R. (1981). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in children: Detrimental effects of superfluous social controls. In W. A. Collins (Ed.), Minnesota symposium on child psychology: 14. Aspects of the Development of Competence. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Lepper, M. R., & Henderlong, J. (2000). Turning “play” into “work” and “work” into “play”: 25 years of research on intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation. In C. Sansone & J. M. Harackiewicz (Eds.), Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance, 257–307. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Lepper, M. R., Greene, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1973). Undermining children’s intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the “overjustification” hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 129–137.
Lepper, M. and Greene, D. (1978), “Overjustification Research and Beyond: Toward a Means-Ends Analysis of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation”, in The Hidden Cost of Reward: New Perspectives on the Psychology of Human Motivation (New York: John Wiley).
Lepper, M. R., Keavney, M., & Drake, M. (1996). Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic rewards: A commentary on Cameron and Pierce’s meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66, 5–32
Locke, E.A., and Latham, G.P. (1990), A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice–Hall
Loewenstein, G. (1999), ‘Because it is There: The Challenge of Mountaineering for Utility Theory,’ Kyklos, 52, 315–343.
Manolopoulos, D.. (2008). Work motivation in the Hellenic extended public sector: an empirical investigation. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(9), 1738
McGraw, K. O. (1978). The detrimental effects of reward on performance: a literature review and a prediction model. In M. R. Lepper, & D. Greene (Eds.), The hidden costs of reward (pp. 33–60). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee Commitment and Motivation: A Conceptual Analysis and Integrative Model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6): 991-1007.
Pinder, C.C. (1998), Work Motivation in Organizational Behaviour, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
Pinder, C. C. (1998). Work motivation in organizational behaviour. USA: Prentice Hall.
Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (1996). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Poole, M., and Jenkins, G. (1998), ‘Human Resource Management and the Theory of Rewards: Evidence from a National Survey,’ British Journal of Industrial Relations, 36, 2, 227–247.
Ryan, R. M. (1981). An exploration of the controlling and informational components of interpersonal and intrapersonal communications. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Rochester.
Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: an extension of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 450–461.
Ryan, R. M. (1993). Agency and organization: Intrinsic motivation, autonomy and the self in psychological development. In J. Jacobs (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Developmental perspectives on motivation (Vol. 40, pp. 1-56). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Ryan, R. M. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes. Journal of Personality, 63, 397–427.
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761.
Ryan, R. M., Connell, J. P., & Deci, E. L. (1985). A motivational analysis of self-determination and self-regulation in education. In C. Ames, & R. E. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education: The classroom milieu (pp. 13–51). New York: Academic Press.
RRyan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000a). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54–67.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000b). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78.
Ryan, R. M., & La Guardia, J. G. (2000). What is being optimized over development? A self-determination theory perspective on basic psychological needs across the life span. In S. Qualls & R. Abeles (Eds.), Dialogues on psychology and aging (pp. 145–172). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Ryan, R. M., Mims, V., & Koestner, R. (1983). Relation of reward contingency and interpersonal context to intrinsic motivation: a review and test using cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 736–750.
Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: Macmillan.
Tzuriel, D., & Haywood, C. H. (1984). Exploratory behavior as a function of motivational orientations and task conditions. Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 67–76.
Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley.
Wong, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1991). Motivation and academic achievement: The effects of personality traits on the quality of experience. Journal of Personality, 59, 539–574.

指導教授

房美玉(Meiyu Fang)

審核日期

2011-8-26

推文