| 摘要(英) |
This thesis treats Julie Andrews’ film career from 1964 to 1982, a time when Andrews’ career excelled with hits like Mary Poppins and The Sound of Music, but was soon in decline due to typecasting and the changing film industry market. During this period, film producers adopted three strategies to deal with Andrews’ problem of typecasting. In the first strategy, studio producers attempted to expand her image by casting her in straight dramatic roles. Andrews indeed surprised audiences and critics alike with her dramatic abilities. However, the overall conservative tone in the films prevented the transformation of her wholesome image. In the second strategy, Andrews teamed up with director/husband Blake Edwards to deal with Andrews’ problem by having her play sophisticated contemporary women. They also exploited Andrews’ wholesome image by crudely displaying her sexuality in scenes that involve nudity and striptease. The sophisticated and eroticized female images were meant to challenge the audience and critique the film industry. However, they failed because Andrews’ Britishness and aristocratic mannerisms did not suit the images of ordinary women, and the imposed sexiness did not work well for the roles due to her lack of sex appeal. In the third strategy, Andrews dealt with the problem of typecasting not by abandoning it, but by exploiting it by way of her primary talents and contemporary subject matter. In Victor / Victoria, Andrews and Edwards also employed pretence and camp to retain authenticity when portraying sexy roles. This technique helped Andrews to transcend the limitations typecasting placed on her career, creating comic effect that made film to a commercial and critical success.
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| 參考文獻 |
Books and Electronic Sources
Adler, Renata. “Screen: ‘Star’ Arrives: Julie Andrews Featured in Movie at Rivoli.” The New York Times. 13 October, 1968. Internet retrieval date: 14 May, 2010.
Andrews, Julie. Home: A Memoir of My Early Years. New York: Hyperion, 2008.
Canby, Vincent. “Screen: ‘Hawaii,’ Big, Long Film, Has Its Premiere: Story is Subordinated to Island’s Scenery.” The New York Times. 11 October, 1966. 13 June, 2010.
Crowther, Bobsley. “‘The Americanization of Emily’ Arrives.” The New York Times. 28 October, 1964. Internet retrieval date: 13 June, 2010. .
---, “Screen: ‘Torn Curtain’ at 3 Theaters: Sinatra Picture also Begins Run Here Newest Hitchcock Film Far Celow Standard.” The New York Times. 28 July, 1966. Internet retrieval date: 13 June, 2010.
---, “Screen: ‘Thoroughly Modern Millie’: Pleasant Spoof of 20’s Opens at Criterion.” The New York Times. 23 March, 1967. Internet retrieval date: 13 June, 2010.
Dyer, Richard. Stars. London: BFI, 1979.
---, Only Entertainment. London: Routledge, 1992.
Ebert, Roger. “Victor/Victoria.” RogerEbert.Com. Internet retrieval date: 1 Jan., 1982.
Farmer, Brett. "Julie Andrews Made Me Gay." Camera Obscura. 22:2, 2007, 134-143.
Friedman, Lester D., ed. American Cinema of the 1970s : Themes and Variations. New York: Rutgers University Press, 2007.
Grant, Barry Keith, ed. American Cinema of the 1960s: Themes and Variations. New York: Rutgers University Press, 2008.
---, Film Genre: From Iconography to Ideology. London: Wallflower Press, 2007.
“ Helen Mirren/Foo Fighters.” Saturday Night Live. NBC. New York. 9 April, 2011.
Meisel, Myron, “S.O.B.: Do They Mean the Movie or Blake Edwards?” Rolling Stone. 1981, 22.
Schickel, Richard. “Opinion and Comment: Reviews: Movie: ‘Hawaii,’ with Julie Andrews and Max von Sydow.” Life Magazine. 21 Oct. 1966: 8-12.
Spoto, Donald. The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock. Boston: Little Brown, 1983.
Stirling, Richard. Julie Andrews: An Intimate Biography. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2007.
“The Now & Future Queen.” Time Magazine. 23 Dec. 1966. Internet retrieval date: 25 Sept. 2009.
“The Tamarind Seed.” TV Guide. Internet retrieval date: 25 Sept. 2009.
“The Woman Who Broke Up Julie Andrews’’ Home.” Photoplay Magazine. 2 August 1965.
Wasson, Sam. A Splurch in the Kisser: The Movies of Blake Edwards. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 2009.
Wolf, Stacy. A Problem Like Maria: Gender and Sexuality in the American Musical. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002.
Filmography
Mary Poppins. Dir. Robert Stevenson. Perf. Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke. Buena Vista, 1964. Film.
The Americanization of Emily, Dir Arthur Hiller. Perf. James Garner and Julie Andrews. MGM, 1964. Film
The Sound of Music. Dir. Robert Wise. Perf. Julie Andrews and Christopher Plummer. Twentieth Century Fox, 1965. Film.
Torn Curtain. Dir. Alfred Hitchcock. Perf. Paul Newman and Julie Andrews. Universal Pictures, 1966. Film.
Hawaii. Dir. George Roy Hill. Perf. Julie Andrews and Max von Sydow. United Artists, 1966. Film.
Thoroughly Modern Millie. Dir. George Roy Hill. Perf. Julie Andrews and James Fox. Universal Pictures, 1967. Film.
Star!. Dir. Robert Wise. Perf. Julie Andrews and Richard Crenna. Twentieth Century Fox, 1968. Film.
Darling Lili. Dir. Blake Edwards. Perf. Julie Andrews and Rock Hudson. Paramount Pictures, 1970. Film.
The Tamarind Seed. Dir. Blake Edwards. Perf. Julie Andrews and Omar Sharif. AVCO Embassy,1974. Film.
10. Dir. Blake Edwards. Perf. Dudley Moore and Julie Andrews. Warner Bros. Pictures,1979. Film.
S.O.B.. Dir. Blake Edwards. Perf. Julie Andrews and William Holden. Columbia, 1981. Film.
Victor / Victoria. Dir. Blake Edwards. Perf. Julie Andrews and James Garner. MGM, 1982. Film.
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