坡地土石流災害脆弱度評估模式之建立與驗證

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黃建豪(Jian-Hao Huang) 查詢紙本館藏

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土木工程學系

論文名稱

坡地土石流災害脆弱度評估模式之建立與驗證

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摘要(中)

近年來由於全球氣候變遷之影響，導致台灣地區極端豪雨型態發生之頻率大增、颱風強度增強，發生的坡地災害強度和頻率都有遽增趨勢。如何運用脆弱度評估及製作脆弱度潛勢圖和進行風險管理，以保障人民的生命安全和財產保護，是未來重要的課題。
構成脆弱度的因子包含暴露量、敏感度與適應能力之修正因子等三者。回復力則可視為災後脆弱度的折減因子。
本研究建立了一個量化坡地土石流災害脆弱度的方法，不僅考慮到災害強度與損失比的關係，亦考慮到空間分布與風險元素之特性。根據脆弱度的構成因子提出改善策略，由可調適策略改變其中因子數值，以達到降低脆弱度之效果。最後以2009年8月莫拉克風災侵襲高雄市那瑪夏區南沙魯里的土石流事件為例所導致之建築物與人員脆弱度，得知人員脆弱度與建築脆弱度在掩埋深度高於2.5m以上時明顯較高，與罹難人員與損害嚴重之建築分布位置相符，並提出調適方法以降低脆弱度。

摘要(英)

In recent years, due to the impact of global climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfalls and the typhoons increased greatly. Consequently slopeland disasters increased significantly after 2000. The vulnerability assessment, the delineation of vulnerability potential hazard maps and risk management, are important issues to protect human lives and property as the adaption policies for climate change.
Vulnerability, including exposure, sensitivity and the correction factor of adaptability, is the measure of the fragility of risk element under certain level of hazard. Resilience can be used as a vulnerability reduction factor post the disaster event. This study provides a quantitative method of vulnerability assessment for debris flow events, which not only considers the relationship between disaster intensity and loss curve, but also takes the spatial distribution and the characteristics of risk elements into account. According to the vulnerability components , we can propose improvement strategy and reduce vulnerability by adaptions which change the values of vulnerability factors. Finally, a case of the Nansalu, quantifying the vulnerability of buildings and people that caused by the invasive Typhoon Morakot on August 9 2009. The coping strategies to reduce vulnerability are also proposed.

關鍵字(中)

★ 坡地災害
★ 土石流
★ 脆弱度
★ 回復力

關鍵字(英)

論文目次

摘要..............................................................................................................i
Abstract........................................................................................................ii
目錄............................................................................................................iii
表目錄..........................................................................................................v
圖目錄........................................................................................................vi
第一章緒論................................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機.......................................................................................1
1.2 研究目的.......................................................................................4
1.3 研究方法.......................................................................................4
1.4 研究架構.......................................................................................5
第二章文獻回顧........................................................................................7
2.1 脆弱度定義...................................................................................7
2.1.1 物理脆弱度........................................................................20
2.1.2 社會脆弱度........................................................................21
2.2 暴露量.........................................................................................25
2.3 敏感度.........................................................................................26
2.4 適應能力之修正因子.................................................................26
2.5 回復力.........................................................................................27
第三章坡地災害脆弱度..........................................................................29
3.1 風險元素.....................................................................................29
3.2 暴露量.........................................................................................30
3.2.1 人員暴露量......................................................................30
3.2.2 建築暴露量......................................................................32
3.3 敏感度.........................................................................................32
3.3.1 人員敏感度......................................................................33
3.3.2 建築敏感度......................................................................35
3.4 適應能力之修正因子.................................................................36
3.4.1 人員適應能力之修正因子..............................................36
3.4.2 建築適應能力之修正因子..............................................37
3.5 回復力.........................................................................................38
第四章案例分析與討論..........................................................................40
4.1 分析地點：那瑪夏區南沙魯(民族)里......................................40
4.2 事件發生過程分析.....................................................................42
4.3 分析工具與流程.........................................................................43
4.4 分析結果.....................................................................................45
4.4.1 建築脆弱度......................................................................48
4.4.2 人員脆弱度......................................................................52
4.4.3 回復力..............................................................................56
4.5 小結.............................................................................................57
第五章結論與建議..................................................................................60
5.1 結論.............................................................................................60
5.2 建議.............................................................................................62
參考文獻....................................................................................................64

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指導教授

周憲德

審核日期

2013-7-30

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