越庫作業之訂單選取與理貨區指派作業的探討

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林頌典(Sung-Tien Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

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工業管理研究所

論文名稱

越庫作業之訂單選取與理貨區指派作業的探討

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摘要(中)

摘要
由於近年來因全球化的影響，市場競爭的強度日趨增加以及網通科技的迅速發展，物流產業不得不進行革命與創新，希望能創造更有效率的作業模式能與消費市場的需求更拉近，並且能提供顧客更高的服務水準與品質。透過物流中心的設立，其可有效簡化配送頻率，並提高物流作業效率。故如何找出一種好的策略模式，降低從進貨到出貨的作業時間與成本，這對於物流中心的運作效率的提升將有非常顯著之影響。
越庫作業為物流作業中的一種策略，是指在越庫碼頭上接受各家供應商的整車貨物後，立即依顧客需求加以拆解、分類及堆放，進而裝上前來載取的卡車，送往顧客所要求的交貨地點，其中所有的品項均不需進貨檢驗，也不需要儲存於物流中心，因此越庫作業特別適合需要快速處理的緊急訂單，且適合須直接將商品直接送到零售商的情況。故在越庫作業的環境中，可以消除品項的進貨、入庫、儲存以及揀貨等作業，使品項從進貨到出貨的時間最小化，故能使訂單在最短的時間內被處理完成。
本研究針對使用越庫作業之物流中心所延伸出的兩種決策問題進行探討，一為訂單選取的問題，另一為理貨區指派問題，並分別提出相對應的訂單選取法則以及理貨區指派法則，並且藉由模擬的方式得到的數據。在本研究中，以總系統時間及總揀貨時間為績效指標下，其較佳組合為『滿足品項數最大』與『離空棧板區最近』，以總旅行距離來看，則以『訂單棧板需求數最小』與『離空棧板區最近』的組合績效表現相對較佳。

摘要(英)

Abstract
Due to impact of globalization in the recent years, the intensity of market competition is increasing and technology of communication is developed rapidly. The logistics industry has to make revolution and innovation to create new operation model with high efficiency and even closer to demand of consumer market, and also can provide higher service level and quality to customers. Through establishment of distribution center, can which reduce the delivery frequency more effectively and improve the efficiency of logistics operations? Therefore, how to figure out a good strategy model which can cut down the process time and cost from delivery to shipping that will have a very significant effect with enhancement of operation efficiency for distribution center.
Cross docking is a strategy of logistics operations whose means is after receiving shipment of inbound truck and according to the required items from customer to separate, sorting and place immediately, then load these items on the outbound truck and delivery to the requested location by customer. Because these shipments neither do incoming inspection nor store in the logistics center, cross docking is especially for emergency order that need to handle and shipped directly to the retailers as soon as possible. Therefore, in cross docking environment, items receiving, storage, store and picking can be eliminated to minimize operational time from delivery to shipping so that orders can be completed in the shortest time.
There are two decision problems extended from distribution center need to discuss under cross docking environment in this study. First is “the order selection problem”. Second is “the assignment problem of tally zone”. We respectively propose “order selection rule” and “assignment rule of tally zone” to corresponding to these two problems and use the simulation to obtain the related data. In this study, the best combination is Largest number of Satisfied Items with Close To Pallet area under TST and TPT. Base on TD, the best combination is Smallest Number of Pallets with Close To Pallet area.

關鍵字(中)

★ 物流中心
★ 越庫作業
★ 儲位指派
★ 訂單選取

關鍵字(英)

★ Distribution Center
★ Cross docking
★ Assignment Rule
★ Order Selection

論文目次

目錄
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目的 3
1.4 研究環境 3
1.5 研究方法說明 4
1.6 論文架構 5
第二章文獻探討 8
2.1. 物流 8
2.1.1 物流的定義 8
2.1.2 物流中心的功能及類別 10
2.1.3 物流中心的重要性 14
2.2 倉儲規劃 14
2.2.1 倉儲空間設計 15
2.2.2 產品儲位管理 17
2.3 訂單揀取安排 20
2.3.1 訂單揀取方法 20
2.3.2 訂單批次化 21
2.4 越庫作業 24
2.4.1 越庫作業的定義 24
2.4.2 越庫作業的類型 25
2.4.3 越庫作業相關文獻 27
第三章研究方法 32
3.1 方法架構 32
3.2 越庫作業系統流程說明 32
3.2.1 進貨作業說明 33
3.2.2 訂單理貨作業說明 35
3.3 品項之暫存區指派法則 37
3.3.1 離進貨月台最近 37
3.4 訂單選取法則 39
3.4.1 隨機選取 39
3.4.2 最早出貨時間 39
3.4.3 滿足訂單比例最高 40
3.4.4 先「最早出貨時間」，搭配「滿足訂單比例最高」 41
3.4.5 訂單棧板需求數最小 42
3.4.6 先「最早出貨時間」，搭配「訂單棧板需求數最小」 42
3.4.7 訂單棧板需求數最大 44
3.4.8 先「最早出貨時間」，搭配「訂單棧板需求數最大」 44
3.4.9 滿足品項數最大 45
3.4.10 滿足品項數最小 46
3.5 訂單之理貨區指派法則 47
3.5.1 隨機指派 48
3.5.2 離中間位置最近 48
3.5.3 離兩側位置最近 49
3.5.4 相對距離最小 50
3.5.5 離空棧板區最近 52
3.5.6 離已指派之理貨區最近 53
3.5.7 離已指派之理貨區最遠 54
3.5.8 相對距離加上期望距離最小 55
3.6 理貨區服務法則 57
3.6.1 先「剩餘棧板數最少」，然後「總旅行距離最短」 57
第四章實驗結果與分析 59
4.1 實驗設計 59
4.1.1 實驗環境 59
4.1.2 問題說明 62
4.1.3 實驗目的 62
4.1.4 模擬實驗因子 62
4.1.5 實驗績效評估指標 64
4.2 統計分析說明 65
4.2.1 依「總系統執行時間(TST)」為績效評估值 65
4.2.1.1 主要效果分析 66
4.2.1.2 兩因子分析 68
4.2.1.3 較佳因子組合分析 70
4.2.2 依「總旅行距離(TD)」為績效評估值 72
4.2.2.1 主要效果分析 72
4.2.2.2 兩因子分析 74
4.2.2.3 較佳因子組合分析 76
4.2.3 依「總揀貨時間(TPT)」為績效評估值 78
4.2.3.1 主要效果分析 78
4.2.3.2 兩因子分析 80
4.2.3.3 較佳因子組合分析 82
4.3 實驗結論 84
第五章結論及後續研究建議 86
5.1 研究結論 86
5.2 未來研究建議 87
參考文獻 88
中文文獻 88
英文文獻 89

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指導教授

何應欽(Ying-Chin Ho)

審核日期

2013-7-24

推文