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姓名 陳麒峯(Chi-feng Chen) 查詢紙本館藏 畢業系所 能源工程研究所 論文名稱 追日偏差量測技術開發與聚光太陽光電系統之實測
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摘要(中) 本文開發追日偏差角度量測設備以及針對聚光型太陽光電系統(concentrating photovoltaic, CPV)進行實地測試。本文的CPV系統搭配具有高精度追日的雙軸式太陽追蹤器，搭載二個CPV模組（集光率為476 suns，輸出功率峰值為222.88 W）。至今追日精度的量測技術尚在研發中，故本文應用光電位置感測器(PSD, position sensitive device)開發偏差角度量測技術。入射太陽光經視準管內針孔投射於PSD感光面，因此產生入射光斑的座標及強度，此數據經計算得知追日偏差角度。接著以PSD在戶外於不同天候下實測追蹤器的誤差對追日偏差影響。
CPV系統原適合在高日照地區（年日照量約為2100 kWh/a），而台灣位處在在中度日照量地區（年日照量約為1000 kWh/a），因此本文也針對CPV系統在中壢地區的發電性能做實際量測。CPV系統性能針對二種追日控制作比較（開迴路控制與指向誤差補償控制），前者六日偏差角度範圍為0.01o到0.94o，平均偏差角度為0.34o；後者，六日的偏差範圍為0.01o到0.22o，平均偏差角度為0.08o。顯示指向誤差修正機制進一步提高開迴路追日精度。透過三者數據的關聯性分析（CPV系統的輸出功率、追蹤偏差角度及中壢當地追蹤器的直射日照），本文歸納出追日偏差角度與日照量為影響系統發電性能的兩大因素。就發電效率而言，開迴路控制（六日）和指向誤差修正控制（六日）的平均功率轉換效率分別為11.9%和15.6%。
摘要(英) This thesis developed an apparatus for measuring the offset-angle of sun-tracking and performed the field test of concentrating photovoltaic system (CPV). The CPV system used in this study consists of a high accuracy two-axis solar tracker, on which installed two CPV modules (concentration ratio: 476 suns, peak power: 222.88 W). Until now, the technology of evaluation sun-tracking accuracy is still under-developing. This study used the PSD sensor to develop a measurement technology of offset-angle in sun-tracking. In this technology, the incident sunlight is projected on the sensing surface of PSD via the pinhole on a collimating tube, which generated corresponding coordinates and intensity of the incident light spot. From these data, calculations were performed and one can obtain the offset-angles of sun-tracking. Outdoor tests of PSD were done under different weather condition for evaluating effects of tracker’s error on sun-tracking.
CPV system is designed for high-insolation region (annual value of 2100 kWh/a), and Taiwan is located in mid-insolation region (annual value of 1000 kWh/a). Therefore, this thesis also reported the power performance of CPV system in Jung-Li area. Performance of CPV system was compared for two tracking approaches (the open-loop tracking and the pointing-error correction tracking). The former, the offset-angles of range was from 0.01o to 0.94o on a six-day period and with an average offset-angle of 0.34o. The later, the offset-angle was from 0.01o to 0.22o on a four-day period and with an average total offset-angle of 0.08o. From the comparison, the pointing-error correction approach can further enhance the tracking accuracy of the open-loop tracking. From the correlation analysis of three data sets (output power of CPV system, tracking offset-angle and DNI data of tracker in Jung-Li area), this study identified two major factors on the CPV power performance are: the tracking offset-angle and the level of insolation. For the power conversion efficiency, the average value of the open-loop control (a six-day period) and the pointing-error correction control (a six-day period) were 11.9% and 15.6%, respectively.
關鍵字(中) ★ 指向誤差修正機制
★ 開迴路追日控制
★ 追日偏差角度量測
★ 聚光型太陽光電系統
★ PSD感測器關鍵字(英) ★ Open-loop sun-tracking control
★ PSD sensor
★ Pointing-error correction mechanism
★ Concentrating photovoltaic systems
★ Measurement of offset-angle論文目次 中文摘要 ....................................................................................................................................i
Abstract.....................................................................................................................................iii
誌謝...........................................................................................................................................v
目錄.........................................................................................................................................vii
圖目錄......................................................................................................................................ix
表目錄....................................................................................................................................xiii
符號說明................................................................................................................................xiv
第一章 緒論..............................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機..........................................................................................................................2
1.2 文獻回顧..........................................................................................................................5
1.3 章節內容..........................................................................................................................9
第二章 聚光型太陽光電系統................................................................................................ 11
2.1 系統簡介........................................................................................................................ 11
2.2 聚光型太陽光電系統元件............................................................................................15
2.2.1 三五族多接面太陽電池........................................................................................15
2.2.2 聚光方式與種類....................................................................................................16
2.2.3 菲涅爾透鏡集光器................................................................................................19
2.2.4 集光器影響............................................................................................................20
2.2.5 太陽追蹤器............................................................................................................22
2.3 追日控制系統................................................................................................................26
2.3.1 閉迴路追日控制.................................................................................................... 26
2.3.2 開迴路追日控制.................................................................................................... 28
2.3.3 混合型追日控制.................................................................................................... 29
第三章 CPV 統設備開發與整合........................................................................................... 31
3.1 實驗型CPV 系統架構................................................................................................. 31
3.1.1 雙軸式太陽追蹤器................................................................................................ 32
3.1.2 開迴路追日控制程式............................................................................................ 33
3.2 追日偏差角度量測原理............................................................................................... 34
3.2.1 偏差角度定義........................................................................................................ 34
3.2.2 位置感測器工作原理............................................................................................ 37
3.2.3 追日偏差角度計算方法........................................................................................ 42
3.3 實驗數據擷取系統....................................................................................................... 44
3.3.1 追日偏差角度量測設備........................................................................................ 45
3.3.2 系統電力設備........................................................................................................ 49
3.3.3 微型氣象站............................................................................................................ 50
第四章 實驗結果分析與討論................................................................................................ 55
4.1 追日偏差角度量測設備實測....................................................................................... 56
4.2 聚光型太陽光電系統實測........................................................................................... 60
4.2.1 開迴路追日控制.................................................................................................... 61
4.2.2 指向誤差修正追日控制........................................................................................ 66
4.2.3 結果討論................................................................................................................ 71
第五章 結論............................................................................................................................ 75
5.1 結論............................................................................................................................... 75
5.2 未來建議....................................................................................................................... 76
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