由多醣體製備之氧化鋅其光催化效率之研究

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楊芳玫(Fang-mai Yang) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

由多醣體製備之氧化鋅其光催化效率之研究
(Photocatalytic efficiency of zinc oxide prepared using natural polysaccharides)

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摘要(中)

光觸媒是一種利用光照射後可以產生自由基，以自由基攻擊目標
污染物，再利用氧化還原方式達到降解污染物的催化劑。本研究主要探討利用不同多醣體製備的氧化鋅和市售觸媒，在不同的光催化條件下催化降解甲烯藍、結晶紫、剛果紅三種污染物，並進行其光催化效率比較。
天然多醣體製備之氧化鋅係利用不同天然多醣體：海藻膠、幾丁
聚醣、玉米澱粉所製備而成，經由光催化效率比較可以得知天然多醣體製備之氧化鋅和其：（a）配比高低無關，其中以3%-3%為最佳；（b）氧化鋅鍛燒溫度以450℃為最佳；（c）不同添加物，會產生不同的影響；（d）不同的多醣體，其光催化效果以海藻膠及玉米澱粉最好。對於光催化條件的選擇則循環水溫度以30℃最佳，而污染物初始濃度越低，光催化效果也越佳；觸媒劑量和酸鹼度有其最適值，實驗結果亦顯示光催化能力隨照射時間增長而下降。

摘要(英)

Photocatalysts are kind of catalyst that can be irradiated by light and generate free radicals, and this kind of radicals will attack target pollutants using redox method for degradation of pollutants. This study investigated the preparation of zinc oxide catalyst in different conditions using different polysaccharide and its efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of three kinds of pollutants such as methylene blue, crystal violet, and congo red.
Zinc oxide was prepared using different natural polysaccharides such as alginate, chitosan, and corn starch. Comparison of the photocatalytic efficiency of zinc oxide prepared using natural polysaccharides indicated that: (a) preparation was independent of ratio
of composition; (b) 450 ℃ was the best calcination temperature of zinc oxide; (c) different additives will generate different effects among different polysaccharides used to prepared zinc oxide ; (d) the best photocatalytic efficiency was obtained for sodium alginate and corn starch with conditions for the photocatalytic circulating water temperature was 30 ℃,when the concentration of pollutants is low, the better photocatalytic effect was obtained. The experimental results showed that photocatalytic activity decrease on exposure time, catalyst’s dosage and
pH.

關鍵字(中)

★ 氧化鋅
★ 光催化
★ 天然多醣體

關鍵字(英)

★ natural polysaccharides
★ photocatalytic
★ zinc oxide

論文目次

目錄
目次頁次
目錄……………………………………………………………………………............. I
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………............. V
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………............. VIII
第一章研究緣起與目的……………………………………………………………... 1
1-1 研究緣起………………………………………………………………... 1
1-2 研究動機與目的………………………………………………………... 2
第二章文獻回顧……………………………………………………………………... 4
2-1 光化學（Photochemistry）理論………………………………………… 4
2-2 光觸媒介紹………………………………………………...................... 6
2-2-1 觸媒…………………………………………………………….. 6
2-2-2 光觸媒簡介…………………………………………….............. 7
2-2-3 半導體光觸媒………………………………………………….. 9
2-2-4 常見光觸媒特性………………………………………............. 11
2-3 光催化反應……………………………………….………..................... 14
2-3-1 光催化理論…………………………………………………….. 14
2-3-2 光催化機制…………………………………………………….. 16
2-4 氧化鋅與光催化……………………………………….......................... 18
2-4-1 氧化鋅與二氧化鈦之光催化………………………………….. 18
II
2-4-2 氧化鋅光催化特性…………………………………………….. 21
2-5 操作條件對光催化影響………………………………………………... 22
2-5-1 污染物溶液的酸鹼值………………………………………….. 22
2-5-2 光觸媒劑量…………………………………………………….. 24
2-5-3 初始污染物濃度……………………………………………….. 26
2-5-4 光源照射時間與照射光源波長……………………………….. 26
2-5-5 其他操作條件………………………………………………….. 27
第三章實驗內容、材料、設備與方法…………………………………………….. 29
3-1 實驗內容………………………………………………………………... 29
3-2 實驗材料………………………………………………………………... 31
3-2-1 多醣體氧化鋅製備方法……………………………………….. 31
3-2-2 光催化污染物材料…………………………………………….. 35
3-2-3 其他化學品…………………………………………………….. 36
3-3 實驗設備………………………………………………………………... 37
3-3-1 光催化反應器………………………………………………… 37
3-3-2 其他儀器設備………………………………………………… 39
3-4 實驗方法………………………………………………………………... 41
3-4-1 光催化實驗…………………………………………………….. 41
3-4-2 光催化影響因子……………………………………………….. 42
3-4-3 吸附實驗……………………………………………………….. 43
3-4-4 氧化鋅粉末中總鋅濃度檢測………………………………….. 43
3-5 研究方法………………………………………………………………... 45
3-5-1 污染物鑑定方法……………………………………………….. 45
III
3-5-2 去色降解效率………………………………………………….. 46
第四章結果與討論………………………………………………………………....... 47
4-1 研究標的初步試驗……………………………………………………... 47
4-1-1 甲基藍吸附實驗…………………………….............................. 47
4-1-2 結晶紫吸附實驗…………………………….............................. 50
4-1-3 剛果紅吸附實驗…………………………….............................. 52
4-2 氧化鋅製備差異對光催化的影響……………………………............... 55
4-2-1 不同配比製備氧化鋅對光催化的影響……………………….. 55
4-2-2 不同鍛燒溫度製備氧化鋅對光催化的影響………………….. 59
4-2-3 添加物對多醣體製備氧化鋅之光催化效率影響…………….. 62
4-2-4 不同多醣體製備之氧化鋅對光催化的影響………………….. 65
4-3 催化條件對光催化的影響…………………... ……………………….. 70
4-3-1 循環水溫對光催化的影響…………………………………….. 70
4-3-2 不同初始濃度對光催化的影響……………………………….. 71
4-3-3 不同劑量對光催化的影響…………………………………….. 73
4-3-4 照射時間對光催化的影響…………………………………….. 75
4-3-5 酸鹼值對光催化的影響……………………………………….. 81
4-3-5-1 不同觸媒於相同酸鹼值的比較…………………….. 81
4-3-5-2 相同觸媒於不同酸鹼值的比較…………………….. 89
4-3-6 光催化過程pH監測…………………………………………… 96
4-4 氧化鋅物化特性分析…………………………………………………...99
4-4-1 BET、XRD 分析………………………………………………. 99
4-4-2 總鋅濃度測定………………………………………………….. 101
IV
4-4-3 界達電位測定………………………………………………….. 103
第五章結論……….………………………………………………………………...... 105
5-1 結論……………………………………………………………………... 105
5-2 建議……………………………………………………………………... 107
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………............. 108

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指導教授

李俊福(Jiunn-Fwu Lee)

審核日期

2010-8-23

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