煤岩材料與沉積環境綜合研判

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俞舜文(Shun-wen Yu) 查詢紙本館藏

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地球物理研究所

論文名稱

煤岩材料與沉積環境綜合研判
(A study of depositional material and environment of specific organic rocks)

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摘要(中)

論文名稱：煤岩材料與沉積環境綜合研判頁數：89
校所組別：國立中央大學地球物理研究所
畢業時間及提要別：九十八學年度第二學期碩士論文提要
研究生：俞舜文指導教授：蔡龍珆博士、林殿順博士
論文提要內容：
過去學者雖然對於傳統煤田所形成的腐植煤多有討論，但對於一些特殊的沉積有機岩(如藻燭煤、油頁岩)之研究仍顯不足。本研究選取了大陸撫順(始新世)與淄博(二疊紀)的藻燭煤以及茂名漸新世的油頁岩，並以台灣利豐中新世腐植煤為對照組，分別進行實驗。分析項目含煤素質成份分析、鏡煤素反射率量測、主元素分析及氣相層析等；藉實驗的結果並結合前人對研究區域地質背景的研究，據以評估討論特殊沉積有機岩之形成機制與生油潛能。
研究結果顯示，淄博藻燭煤源自木質部相對較少的植物群落且為淺水覆蓋的沼澤環境，其環境應同時鄰近其他的有機質來源，因此有再沉積搬運而來的有機質輸入；撫順藻燭煤的有機質來源應為含有豐富蠟質的植物群落，在其成煤過程中可能由於受到較多營力(如細菌分解、搬運等)的影響，使得抗侵蝕能力較弱的鏡煤素材料變得破碎且逸失，而抗侵蝕能力較強的膜煤素材料則保存較為完整且富集；另外，利豐腐植煤的材料源則以高等大型陸生植物為主，比較其與淄博、撫順藻燭煤的煤素質分析結果，推測利豐腐植煤在成煤過程中可能受到相對較少之營力作用；最後，茂名油頁岩有機質的來源較其他三個區域多元，主要以藻類為主，還包含了其他搬運而來的陸相有機材料。
綜合而言，茂名油頁岩中的有機質較偏向於水生藻類材料，而撫順藻燭煤則偏向於陸相的有機質，此二區域樣本之成熟度雖偏低但皆具高HI值；另外，利豐腐植煤與淄博藻燭煤的有機質偏向於陸相之材料，此二區域樣本的成熟度皆已進入油窗，但HI值偏低。

摘要(英)

A study of depositional material and environment of specific organic rocks
Abstract
Although the mechanism of coalification process had been well discussed in literature, detailed studies of special organic rocks are still lacking. In this study, samples from China including torbanites from Fushun and Zibo, as well as oil shales from Maoming were studied and compared with humic coals from Lifung, Taiwan. Methods employed in this study include petrographic analysis, elemental analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and GC/biomarker analysis. The following conclusions are drawn after combining experimental results and regional geologic information of each sample: (1) Torbanites from Zibo might be formed in a swamp covered by shallow water, whereas its source organic matters might be originated from wax-dominated plant. In addition, its depositional environment might be close to other organic source, since Zibo torbanite contained some reworked organic matters；(2) Results of GC/biomarker analysis indicate the organic matter of torbanite from Fushun shares similar characteristics with that of Zibo. Furthermore, the vitrinite reflectance histogram of Fushun torbanite shows it does not have any other organic materials included from nearby sources；(3) Although the coal of Lifung has less liptinite content than Zibo and Fushun, it has the least liptodetrinite content in liptinite groups. The coal of Lifung is thus believed to be less affected by depositional activities than other three samples during coalification； (4) The organic matter of oil shale from Maoming consists of algae and land plants. The results of Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicate that although the Maoming oil shale possess good hydrocarbon source potential, its organic carbon content is relatively low, comparing with other three samples.

關鍵字(中)

★ 鏡煤素反射率
★ 鏡媒素
★ 膜媒素
★ 惰煤素
★ 生物標記物
★ 熱裂分析

關鍵字(英)

★ Vitrinite
★ GC/MS
★ Vitrinite reflectance

論文目次

目錄
摘要.............................................I
誌謝.............................................III
目錄.............................................IV
第一章緒論.......................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機 ................................1
1.2 內文概述......................................2
第二章文獻回顧...................................3
2.1 影響沉積有機質富集度與組成的因素..............4
2.1.1 有機物來源的供應............................4
2.1.2 氣候環境....................................4
2.2 沉積有機質的分類..............................6
2.2.1 煤岩學的分類 ................................6
2.2.2 油母質的分類................................11
2.3 有機質之分析與指標............................16
2.3.1 鏡煤素反射率 ................................16
2.3.2 熱裂分析....................................18
2.3.3 主元素分析..................................18
2.3.3.1 硫在自然界存在的形式......................19
2.3.3.2 沉積有機質中硫的來源......................20
2.3.4 氣相層析....................................22
2.3.5 穩定碳同位素................................26
第三章樣本及地質背景.............................28
3.1 台灣樣本......................................29
3.2 大陸樣本......................................38
3.2.1 撫順樣本區域地質............................38
3.2.2 淄博樣本區域地質............................39
3.3.3 茂名樣本區域地質............................39
第四章實驗方法...................................41
4.1 樣本選取......................................41
4.2 樣本製作與拋光................................41
4.2.1 樣本製作....................................41
4.2.2 樣本拋光....................................43
4.3 煤素質群的分析方法............................45
4.4 鏡煤素反射率的量測............................47
4.5 熱裂分析......................................49
4.6 主元素分析....................................54
4.7 氣相層析......................................55
4.8 穩定碳同位素分析..............................55
第五章結果與討論.................................57
5.1 岩象分析......................................57
5.1.1 煤素質成份分析..............................57
5.1.2 鏡煤素反射率................................60
5.1.3 小結........................................62
5.2 化學分析......................................64
5.2.1 主元素分析..................................64
5.2.2 穩定碳同位素................................66
5.2.3 小結........................................67
5.3 熱裂分析與氣相層析............................69
5.3.1 熱裂分析....................................69
5.3.2 氣相層析....................................70
5.3.3 小結........................................75
5.4 綜合討論......................................77
第六章結論與展望.................................82
參考文獻..........................................84

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指導教授

蔡龍珆、林殿順
(Louis L. Tsai、Tien-Shun Lin)

審核日期

2010-7-19

推文