煤層孔隙率與滲透率特性評估

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劉保淇(Pao-chi Liu) 查詢紙本館藏

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應用地質研究所

論文名稱

煤層孔隙率與滲透率特性評估
(Characteristic studies of coal porosity and permeability)

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摘要(中)

孔隙率與滲透率為評估煤層內流體流動性之重要參數，尤其滲透率異向性對於煤層氣開採扮演了重要的角色。本研究以室內試驗方法探討承受應力狀態下之滲透率異向性，並綜合煤層特性及微觀構造解釋孔隙率與滲透率之控制因素，據以提供未來針對煤層進行二氧化碳－強化採收煤層甲烷之評估。試體選用煤層甲烷蘊藏量相當高的澳洲Bowen與Sydney盆地之成熟度相近的煙煤，探討於承受不同圍壓（5~40MPa）下平行與垂直煤層層面之滲透率以及煤層特性與微觀構造對孔隙率與滲透率之影響。研究結果顯示，平行層面之煤樣滲透率約介於10-16~10-22m2，垂直煤樣層面滲透率約介於10-18~10-22m2，且承受不同圍壓下煤樣之滲透率異向比有明顯變化。以平行層面之煤樣為例，具有亮煤之煤樣滲透率約介於10-16~10-19m2，至於以暗煤為主者，其滲透率約介於10-19~10-22m2；此外，冪次律適用於表示有效圍壓與滲透率之關係，平行與垂直層面之初始滲透率分別介於1×10-12~6×10-19m2與5×10-16~1×10-21m2；初始孔隙率主要介於3.2~13.7%之間，且與滲透率呈現正相關，但趨勢較不明顯，推測受到煤岩成熟度、煤素質、煤岩類型、裂隙與割理之影響。以電子顯微鏡觀測發現富含惰煤素之暗煤結構不均勻導致滲透性差，而富含鏡煤素之亮煤具有均勻結構且利於割理發育，可提昇滲透性，利於煤層甲烷氣體回收，顯示煤岩類型之微觀構造為影響滲透率並導致滲透率異向性之主因。

摘要(英)

Porosity and permeability of coal are important parameters for considering fluid flow properties through coal seams. Both porosity and permeability are affected by tectonic stress and coal characteristics, anisotropy of permeability also plays an important role on coal bed methane (CBM) recovery. This study tried to establish the relation among coal characteristics, porosity and permeability under confining pressure (5~40MPa). Eight bituminous coal samples with high CBM potential from Bowen and Sydney basin, Australia were examined in this study. The results indicate that permeabilities parallel to bedding varied from 10-16 to 10-22m2 whereas permeabilities perpendicular to bedding varied from 10-18 to 10-22m2. The lithotype of the samples is the most important factor in affecting their anisotropy of permeability. In addition, power law for describing the pressure-dependent permeability can be used to fit the experiment results. The initial permeability is ranging from 1×10-12~6×10-19m2 for parallel to bedding, and 5×10-16~1×10-21m2 for perpendicular to bedding. Porosity varied from 3.2~13.7%, positively correlated with permeability. Both porosity and permeability were affected by maturity, maceral and lithotype of coal, as well as cleat and/or microfractures. SEM showed that the high permeability coals were mostly bright-banded coals (rich in vitrinite) with well-developed cleats. These results indicate that bright coal possesses the best potential for gas transmission, in considering CO2-ECBM.

關鍵字(中)

★ 滲透率異向比
★ 滲透率
★ 孔隙率
★ 煙煤
★ 煤層特性

關鍵字(英)

★ permeability anisotropy
★ permeability
★ porosity
★ bituminous coal
★ coal characteristic

論文目次

中文摘要.................................................................................................................i
英文摘要................................................................................................................ii
誌謝.......................................................................................................................iii
目錄.......................................................................................................................iv
圖目錄..................................................................................................................vii
表目錄....................................................................................................................x
符號說明...............................................................................................................xi
第一章緒論..........................................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機與目的............................................................................................1
1.2 研究樣本與區域地質概述............................................................................3
1.3 內文概述.......................................................................................................6
第二章文獻回顧.................................................................................................8
2.1 CO2－ECBM潛能之研究.............................................................................8
2.2 影響孔隙率與滲透率之外在因素.............................................................13
2.2.1 孔隙率...................................................................................................13
2.2.2 滲透率...................................................................................................14
2.3 影響孔隙率與滲透率之內在因素.............................................................16
2.3.1 成熟度...................................................................................................17
2.3.2 煤素質...................................................................................................22
2.3.3 煤岩類型...............................................................................................28
2.3.4 煤岩顯微結構.......................................................................................30
第三章研究方法...............................................................................................34
3.1 研究流程.....................................................................................................34
3.2 測量孔隙率、滲透率之試體製備.............................................................35
3.2.1 隨圍壓變化之滲透率量測...................................................................36
3.2.2 孔隙率測定............................................................................................38
3.3 有機地球化學分析.......................................................................................40
3.3.1 煤餅製作與拋光......................................................................................41
3.3.2 鏡煤素反射率量測................................................................................43
3.3.3 煤素質成份分析....................................................................................45
3.3.4 元素分析................................................................................................46
3.3.5 Rock-Eval熱裂分析....................................................................................47
3.4 掃描式電子顯微鏡觀測...............................................................................48
第四章結果與討論............................................................................................51
4.1 隨有效圍壓變化之滲透率..........................................................................51
4.2 滲透率異向比..............................................................................................55
4.3 初始孔隙率與滲透率..................................................................................58
4.4 影響孔隙率與滲透率之煤層特性..............................................................61
4.4.1 元素分析................................................................................................61
4.4.2 煤素質成份............................................................................................65
4.4.3 熱裂溫度（Tmax）...............................................................................69
4.4.3 鏡煤素反射率........................................................................................71
4.5 顯微結構......................................................................................................75
第五章結論與建議............................................................................................79
參考文獻..............................................................................................................81
附錄......................................................................................................................86
A. 測量滲透率之平行（||）與垂直（⊥）層面之試體.................................86
B. 量測滲透率試體之直徑與厚度.....................................................................87
C. 滲透率實驗之標準作業程序.........................................................................88
D. 煤素質成分百分比.........................................................................................91
E. 鏡煤素反射率之數點分析.............................................................................93
F. 孔隙率量測之數據........................................................................................101

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指導教授

蔡龍珆(Loung-yie Tsai)

審核日期

2010-6-28

推文