麥克風陣列對移動音源之相對角度追蹤演算法設計

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姓名

張慶霄(Ching Hsiao Chang) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

通訊工程學系在職專班

論文名稱

麥克風陣列對移動音源之相對角度追蹤演算法設計
(An Algorithm Design for the Microphone Array to Track the Relative Arrival Angle of a Mobile Audio Source)

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摘要(中)

本篇論文運用音源和麥克風陣列間，快速的相對運動，所造成的訊號到達時間差之補償，來解決移動中的聲音訊號來源的追蹤問題。並藉由模擬不同的麥克風陣列排列形狀來比較追蹤角度的精確度。
其中利用sinc函數所構成的位移、取樣、延遲濾波器，及麥克風陣列和音源，在笛卡爾座標系中的相對座標，經由X軸及Y軸的旋轉及疊代最小平方誤差演算法(LMS)，來補償麥克風陣列間各個麥克風的接收訊號延遲誤差，進而解決移動中的聲音訊號來源的追蹤問題。
而sinc函數延遲濾波器的校正值，是運用調適性訊號處理(ASP)中的疊代最小平方誤差演算法(LMS)，來獲得麥克風陣列間各個麥克風的修正角度的最小誤差標準，再得到每次疊代的更新補償角度。此補償角度的獲得，是得自於相對應的麥克風陣列在三維的笛卡兒座標系中的旋轉追蹤角度。而此旋轉追蹤角度，所指的是，假設此麥克風陣列在笛卡兒座標系中動態的旋轉調整，用以追蹤快速運動的音源，使其訊號波以零相角差，到達此麥克風陣列的座標原點，所需的旋轉角度。相對於初始的麥克風陣列位置，此旋轉追蹤角度，既等於訊號到達角度(DOA)的估測值。也就是聲音訊號來源到達麥克風陣列的座標原點的二維相對方位。再藉由不同的麥克風陣列排列形狀來研究追蹤角度的精確度改善。

摘要(英)

This thesis investigates the use of microphone arrays to solve the tracing problem of the moving audio source with the rapid relative movement caused by the signal arrival time difference. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the tracking angle accuracy with different array configurations.
The sinc functions are utilized to construct the shifting, sampling, and delay filter. In the Cartesian coordinate system with the relative coordinates, through the X-axis and Y-axis rotation, the iterative least mean squares error algorithm (LMS) is employed to compensate for microphone array receiving signals with the various microphone delay errors such that it solves the tracing of the rapid moving audio source.
The compensation of the sinc function filter is to use the adaptive signal processing of the iterative least mean squares error algorithm (LMS) to get the minimum compensation angle for each microphone array element, and then the scheme obtains the compensation point of each iteration in the update. The compensation for the acquisition of this point of view is derived from the corresponding three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system to track the angle of the rotation in the microphone array. Regarding the rotation tracking angle, it is achieved by adjusting the Cartesian coordinate to make no phase difference. Relative to the initial position of the microphone array, this rotation tracking angle is equal to the estimated direction of signal arrival (DOA) estimation of the value. By various micro array configurations, the improvement on the accuracy is investigated.

關鍵字(中)

★ 麥克風陣列
★ 音源追蹤
★ 最小平方誤差演算法
★ 訊號到達角度

關鍵字(英)

★ rapid moving audio source
★ LMS
★ microphone array
★ audio tracking angle

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
表格目錄 x
第一章緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 論文架構 4
第二章利用訊號到達麥克風陣列時間差(TDOA)追蹤快速移動聲音訊號源的演算法 7
2.1 由sinc函數構成的調適性訊號延遲濾波器 9
2.2 移動音源和麥克風陣列之間的訊號到達時間差的最小平方誤差疊代補償演算法 13
2.2.1 表示麥克風陣列移動的笛卡兒座標系 14
2.2.2 訊號到達角度最小均方誤差疊代(RLMS)補償演算法 16
第三章化簡“利用訊號到達麥克風陣列時間差(TDOA)的互動補償方法 28
3.1 用查表法簡化函數的微分的運算量 28
3.2 簡化笛卡爾座標系的轉換矩陣運算量 32
第四章以MATLAB模擬“利用訊號到達麥克風陣列時間差(TDOA)追蹤快速移動聲音訊號源的方法” 34
4.1 以MATLAB 模擬演算法的流程圖: 34
4.2 模擬步驟: 36
第五章比較不同排列形狀的麥克風陣列模擬結果 42
第六章延伸應用 54
6.1 三維排列的麥克風陣列來擴大訊號來源方向偵測範圍及訊號來源角度估測的精度 54
6.2 用兩個陣列估測出的訊號到達角度及訊號源距離 56
6.3 多媒體3D音效模擬 57
參考文獻 58

參考文獻

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指導教授

陳永芳(Yung-Fang Chen)

審核日期

2010-7-6

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