教學用電腦模擬生理系統之建構

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蘇仲南(Juhng-nan Su) 查詢紙本館藏

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電機工程學系

論文名稱

教學用電腦模擬生理系統之建構
(Computer simulation of physiological systems for educational purpose)

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摘要(中)

生理系統模型對現代醫療發展有很大的影響，無論是在醫療儀器設計、臨床研究或是藥品的測試方面，在各生醫領域都有生理模型的應用，但卻少見於使用在教育學習方面。本研究的目的是透過建立心血管循環系統、呼吸系統和泌尿系統等三種人體主要的生理系統模型來建立適用於教學模擬的生理系統模擬平台。每個生理系統分別是利用過去文獻所提出的生理系統模型，使用等效電路和數學函數來建立，最後建構出人性化的模擬介面，提供使用者進行模擬操作。每個生理模型除了模擬正常生理功能之外並分別進行兩個病狀模擬，例如心血管循環系統模擬主動脈瓣膜狹窄和瓣膜閉鎖不全，呼吸系統模擬氣喘和肺氣腫，泌尿系統模擬低血壓和低鈉離子濃度的狀態。透過病狀模擬來驗證各生理模型應用於模擬的可行性。模擬結果顯示，心血管系統可以模擬出正常的左心房、心室的血壓及血容積變化以及主動脈血壓與血流在正常與病理狀態的變化；在呼吸系統則能模擬出潮氣容積、氣流量和胸膜壓等在正常與病理狀態的生理變化；泌尿系統則透過病狀模擬出荷爾蒙對腎小管再吸收功能的控制。本研究所建立的生理系統模型可以模擬出正常與病理狀態的生理特性，意味著生理系統模型應用在教學模擬上的可行性。

摘要(英)

Physiological system models have an important influence on modern medical development, such as the design of medical equipment, clinical research or the test of drugs. Application of physiological system models could be found in all respects of biomedical field. However, it is hard to
see the application in educational learning. The purpose of this study is to develop a simulation platform of three major physiological systems, the cardiovascular, respiratory, and urinary system, used for education. Based
on equivalent analog circuits and mathematical functions, existing physiological system models from the literature were adopted and built in a user-friendly interface that could be used easily to simulate the physiological functions. In addition to normal physiological functions,
two additional clinical symptoms were also simulated with each physiological system model. They were aortic stenosis and aortic insufficiency in cardiovascular system, asthma and emphysema in respiratory system, and hypotension and low sodium concentration in urinary system. Simulation results indicated the cardiovascular system model could simulate normal blood pressure and volume change of the
left atrium and ventricle, and aortic blood pressure and flow change for normal and diseased conditions; the results also showed the respiratory system model could simulate the change of tidal volume, air flow and pleural pressure in normal and pathlogical conditions; and the urinary system model was able to show that reabsorption in nephron could be controlled by urinary hormone. These results implied that physiological system models built in this study could be used for educational purpose.

關鍵字(中)

★ 模擬
★ 生理模型
★ 泌尿系統
★ 心血管循環系統
★ 呼吸系統

關鍵字(英)

★ Respiratory system
★ Cardiovascular system
★ Simulation
★ Physiological model
★ Urinary system

論文目次

摘要......................................................I
Abstract.................................................II
致謝.....................................................IV
目錄......................................................V
圖目錄...................................................IX
表目錄..................................................XVI
第一章緒論...............................................1
1.1 研究動機..............................................1
1.2 生理模型的介紹........................................3
1.2.1 生理模型的發展......................................3
1.2.2 生理模型的現況......................................8
1.3 論文探討..............................................9
1.3.1 心血管循環系統模型..................................9
1.3.2 呼吸系統模型.......................................14
1.3.3 泌尿系統模型.......................................21
1.4 論文架構.............................................25
第二章心血管循環系統模擬................................27
2.1 心血管系統生理構造及功能.............................27
2.2 心血管系統的模型建構.................................30
2.3 心血管循環系統模型模擬...............................42
2.3.1 正常情況(Normal)...................................42
2.3.2 主動脈瓣膜狹窄(Aortic stenosis)....................47
2.3.3 主動脈瓣膜閉鎖不全(Aortic insufficiency)...........49
2.4 心血管循環系統模擬介面...............................53
第三章呼吸系統模擬......................................56
3.1 呼吸系統生理構造及功能...............................56
3.2 呼吸系統的模型建構...................................59
3.3 呼吸系統模型模擬.....................................68
3.3.1 平靜呼吸情況(Normal)...............................68
3.3.2 氣喘情況(Asthma)...................................71
3.3.3 肺氣腫情況(Emphysema)..............................73
3.4 呼吸系統模擬介面.....................................75
第四章泌尿系統模擬......................................78
4.1 泌尿系統生理構造及功能...............................78
4.2 泌尿系統的模型建構...................................81
4.3 泌尿系統模型模擬.....................................96
4.3.1 正常情況(Normal)...................................96
4.3.2 低血壓情況(Hypotension)............................99
4.3.3 低鈉離子濃度情況(Low sodium concentration)........102
4.4 泌尿系統模擬介面....................................105
第五章結果與討論.......................................108
5.1 心血管循環系統模擬結果..............................108
5.1.1 正常情況模擬結果..................................108
5.1.2 主動脈瓣膜狹窄模擬結果............................111
5.1.3 主動脈瓣膜閉鎖不全模擬結果........................112
5.2 呼吸系統模擬........................................114
5.2.1 平靜呼吸情況模擬結果..............................114
5.2.2 氣喘情況模擬結果..................................118
5.2.3 氣喘情況模擬結果..................................120
5.3 泌尿系統模擬結果....................................122
5.3.1 正常情況模擬結果..................................123
5.3.2 低血壓情況模擬結果................................125
5.3.3 低鈉離子濃度情況模擬結果..........................127
5.4 討論................................................129
第六章結論與未來展望...................................134
6.1 結論............................................... 134
6.2 未來展望............................................135
參考文獻................................................137
附錄A...................................................144

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指導教授

吳炤民(Chao-Min Wu)

審核日期

2010-8-3

推文