相變化材料於球形容器之儲熱實驗與分析

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高嘉文(Chia-wen Kao) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

機械工程學系

論文名稱

相變化材料於球形容器之儲熱實驗與分析
(Experimental Investigation of Heat Storage for Phase-Change-Material in a Spherical Container)

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摘要(中)

本文利用熱阻觀念，做簡單的物理分析，推導出ㄧ維球形相變化儲熱
材料熱傳方程式，並配合實驗驗證方程式的可靠度。在熱阻分析時，
假令固態相變化材料利用潛熱所吸收之熱量，等於外界工作流體所帶
進來的熱，並考慮「工作流體─球囊外壁」、「球囊外壁─球囊內壁」
以及「球囊內壁─液態相變化材料」三種熱阻，並以串聯方式進行系
統分析。其中忽略球囊殼的熱容效應，且液態相變化材料傳熱方式分
成純熱傳導與考慮熱對流兩種。
由結果發現影響儲熱時間之參數有球囊設計、相變化材料性質參
數以及工作流體性質參數。經由參數分析發現，工作流體性質中，隨
著工作流體的Nu 增加，總儲熱時間就會下降。球囊設計參數中，藉
由增大球殼熱傳導係數來縮小球殼與液態相變材料熱傳導係數之比值，能夠縮短系統儲熱時間。
並且要預估總融化時間，可以藉由液態相變化材料熱阻考慮熱對
流方程式來估算。若要知道確切融化位置，當融化位置係數>0.37 時，
使用液態相變化材料熱阻只考慮熱傳導方程式；當融化位置係數
<0.37 時，使用液態相變化材料熱阻考慮熱對流方程式。

摘要(英)

This study analyzes one-dimensional spherical phase change material
(PCM) heat transfer formula which derives from the concept of thermal
resistance. The viability of this formula is validated by experimental data.
In the analysis of thermal resistance, the heat which absorb by PCM is
assumed equal to the heat which transfer from the heat transfer fluid
(HTF). In the system, there are three types of thermal resistance in series
connection, including HTF to capsule outside surface, capsule outside
surface to inside surface, and capsule inside surface to PCM. Due to the
specific heat of capsule is very small, the sensible heat of capsule is
neglected. The heat transfer within liquid PCM is considered as two
different types – only conduction and only convection.
As the results, the parameters which affect the melting time include
size and thickness of capsule, and thermal physical properties of capsule,
PCM, and HTF. By the parameter analysis, the melting time is reduced as
the Nusselt number of HTF is increasing, and the thermal conductivity of
capsule is enhanced.
To predict the melting time, it has good agreement by using the heat
transfer formula with considering convection. To predict the melting
surface location, when the melting location coefficient is larger than 0.37,
using the heat transfer formula without considering convection has good
agreement. But when the melting location coefficient is smaller than 0.37,
using the heat transfer formula with considering convection has good
agreement.

關鍵字(中)

★ 相變化材料
★ 熱阻
★ 儲熱槽
★ 潛熱
★ 囊

關鍵字(英)

★ thermal storage tank
★ latent heat
★ capsule
★ phase change material
★ thermal resistance

論文目次

中文摘要…………………………………………………………….……i
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………ii
誌謝……………………………………………………………………iii
目錄……………………………………………………………………iv
表目錄………………………………………………………………vii
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………viii
第一章、研究背景與目的………………………………………………..1
1-1 前言………………………………..……………….3
1-2 研究動機………………………………..……………….3
1-3 低溫相變化儲熱系統之文獻回顧………..……………3
1-3-1 儲能介紹……………...……..…….………….………5
1-3-2 相變化儲能材料挑選…...…….……………….……..6
第二章、文獻回顧………………………………….…………………….9
2-1 相關文獻彙整…..………………..………………….........9
2-1-1 儲存囊內部分析相關文獻............................................9
2-1-2 實驗驗證與系統架設相關文獻…………………......12
2-2 研究主題...........................................................................13
第三章、研究方法…………….……………….………………………..16
3-1 球形熱阻分析問題..………………………………….16
3-1-1 液態相變化材料只考慮熱傳導公式推導……….17
3-1-2 液態相變化材料考慮熱對流公式推導………….19
3-2 ㄧ維相變化熱傳方程式可靠度實驗…………….…...24
3-2-1 實驗器材簡介……………………………………...24
3-2-2 靜置加熱下，玻璃球之融化實驗與過程觀察….….26
3-2-3 靜置加熱下，金屬球囊之融化………………………27
3-3 添加鰭片增加傳熱實驗……….……………...………28
3-4 大型儲熱槽系統之建立……………………….………28
3-5 時間偵測與溫度趨勢………………………………….31
3-5-1 溫度偵測點位置與融化時間之影響與關係………31
第四章、結果與討論………………………………………………… 34
4-1 ㄧ維相變化熱傳分析…………………………………34
4-1-1
Ksph比上Kliq對於融化時間的影響……….…………………34
4-1-2 water Nu 對於融化時間的影響……….………..............37
4-2 改變添加鰭片之數量縮短總融化時間..……………40
4-3 建立大型低溫儲熱槽實作……………………………42
4-3-1 幾何模型………………………………………...……42
4-3-2 金屬球擺放位置對總融化時間之影響……..………42
4-3-2-1 緊貼擺放之熱傳分析……………………………42
4-3-2-2 平均擺放之熱傳分析……………………………. 43
第五章、結論……………………………………………..……………..45
5-1 公式推導結論…………………………………………45
5-2 實驗研究結論…………………………………………46
第六章、未來工作………………………………………………………47
參考文獻………………………………...……………………...............48

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指導教授

曾重仁(Chung-jen Tseng)

審核日期

2011-1-28

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