紫外光/過氧化氫程序降解辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇水溶液之研究

以作者查詢圖書館館藏

、以作者查詢臺灣博碩士

、以作者查詢全國書目

、勘誤回報

、線上人數：19

、訪客IP：3.141.200.180

姓名

蔡維馨(Wei-Sin Tsai) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

環境工程研究所

論文名稱

紫外光/過氧化氫程序降解辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇水溶液之研究
(Degradation of OPEOn in Aqueous Solution by UV/H2O2 Process)

相關論文

★ 石油碳氫化合物污染場址健康風險評估之研究	★ 混合式厭氧反應槽之效能探討
★ 新型改質矽藻土應用於吸附實廠含銅廢水之探討	★ 焚化底渣特性及其再利用管理系統之研究
★ 焚化底渣水洗所衍生廢水特性及處理可行性研究	★ 工業廢水污泥灰渣特性及其再利用於水泥砂漿之研究
★ 純氧活性污泥法處理綜合性工業廢水之研究	★ 零價鐵技術袪除三氯乙烯之研究
★ 零價鐵反應牆處理三氯乙烯污染物之反應行為研究	★ 預臭氧程序提升綜合性工業廢水生物可分解性之研究
★ 下水污泥灰渣應用於銅離子去除之初步探討	★ 纖維材料對於污泥灰渣砂漿工程性質之影響
★ 纖維床生物反應器祛除甲苯與三氯乙烯之研究	★ 下水污泥灰渣特性及應用於水泥砂漿之研究
★ 以Microtox檢測方法評估實際廢水生物毒性之研究	★ 化學置換程序回收氯化銅蝕刻廢液之研究

檔案

[Endnote RIS 格式]

[Bibtex 格式]

[相關文章]

[文章引用]

[完整記錄]

[館藏目錄]

[檢視]

[下載]

本電子論文使用權限為同意立即開放。
已達開放權限電子全文僅授權使用者為學術研究之目的，進行個人非營利性質之檢索、閱讀、列印。
請遵守中華民國著作權法之相關規定，切勿任意重製、散佈、改作、轉貼、播送，以免觸法。

摘要(中)

本研究以紫外光/過氧化氫程序處理辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇(Octylphenol polyethoxylates, OPEOn)水溶液，並探討溶液pH、反應物初始濃度、光輻射強度及過氧化氫添加量等操作因子對處理效果之影響，以及，探討OPEOn於紫外光/過氧化氫程序可能之降解途徑，最後，評估環境中常見之無機陰離子對降解程序之影響。
實驗結果顯示，3小時反應時間內，直接光解和H2O2直接氧化均無法有效去除溶液中OPEOn，而UV/H2O2程序可在反應90分鐘後，達到90%以上之去除率，但無法有效去除水中總有機碳含量，原因是UV/H2O2程序僅能破壞OPEOn原本的結構，而無法進一步將其礦化成二氧化碳和水。
溶液中碳酸鹽和硝酸鹽的存在，均會顯著降低OPEOn的降解速率，這是因為兩者均可捕捉系統內的氫氧自由基所致。此外，碳酸鹽對程序之影響和其濃度無關，而硝酸鹽對程序之影響則和其存在的濃度有關聯。
由LC/MS分析中間產物之結果顯示，OPEOn降解由聚乙氧基鏈開始，而後氫氧自由基可能會添加至芳香環上，或是取代烷基上的氫，以及削減烷基鏈。降解過程中所生成之中間產物，包括：短鏈烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇、醛類化合物以及有機酸等。
本研究初步認為，以UV/H2O2程序降解OPEOn，其最適操作條件為：光強度=0.89 W/L，pH=7，H2O2/OPEOn=10。此操作條件下，反應90分鐘後，OPEOn可達95%去除率及15%之礦化效果。

摘要(英)

This study evaluates the treatment of octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPEOn) solution using UV/H2O2 process. The influences of pH, initial substrate concentration, H2O2 dosage and photon fluence rate in OPEOn degradation were studied. Also, possible degradation mechanism of OPEOn in UV/H2O2 process was proposed. Finally, assess the effect of inorganic salts, such as NaNO3 and Na2CO3, on OPEOn degradation.
Relatively slow OPEOn degradation was observed during UV radiation, while OPEOn was not oxidized by H2O2 along. Combined UV/H2O2 could effectively degraded OPEOn, and resulted in more than 90% removal of OPEOn in 90 min period. However, removal of total organic carbon in solution was ineffective. The results indicated that OPEOn was destroyed and formation numerous of intermediate products, but can’t converted to CO2 and H2O by mineralization.
The presence of NaNO3 and Na2CO3 in solution led to decreased the degradation rate of OPEOn. This may be attributed to the scavenging of hydroxyl radical by these two inorganic anions. Besides, the effect of NaNO3 was depend on the concentration of anion.
The degradation products were analyzed by LC/MS, and revealed that OPEOn degradation begin from shortening the ethoxy chain. And the following may be cleavage of the alkyl chain, or substitution of the hydrogen on alkyl chain with hydroxyl radical, as well as addition hydroxyl radical to the aromatic ring. The degradation intermediates are short chain ethoxylated phenol, aldehydic compounds and organic acid.
In summary, the optimum operating conditions for UV/H2O2 process to destroy OPEOn found in this study was as follows：UV light intensity = 0.89 W/L, pH=7, H2O2/OPEOn molar ratio = 10. In which, a treatment effectiveness of 95% was achieved after 90 minutes of reaction time, and 15% mineralization was obtained .

關鍵字(中)

★ 內分泌干擾物
★ 高級氧化程序
★ 紫外光/過氧化氫
★ 辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇

關鍵字(英)

★ Endocrine disrupting compound
★ Advanced oxidation process
★ Octylphenol polyethoxylates
★ Ultraviolet irradiation/hydrogen peroxide

論文目次

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 III
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
第一章前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章文獻回顧 4
2.1 新興污染物-內分泌干擾物 4
2.2 烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇類界面活性劑之性質、流佈與影響 7
2.3 烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇及其代謝物常見之處理方式 13
2.4 過氧化氫/紫外光程序 16
2.4.1 紫外光氧化程序 17
2.4.2 過氧化氫特性 17
2.4.3 氫氧自由基氧化 18
2.5 過氧化氫/紫外光程序之影響因子 20
2.5.1 酸鹼值 20
2.5.2 輻射光強度 21
2.5.3 過氧化氫起始濃度 22
2.5.4 目標污染物起始濃度 23
2.5.5 自由基捕捉劑 (Scanvenger) 24
2.6 烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇類界面活性劑之降解途徑 25
2.6.1 生物降解 26
2.6.2 直接光解 28
2.6.3 高級氧化 29
第三章實驗設備、材料及方法 33
3.1 實驗儀器 33
3.2 實驗藥品 34
3.3 實驗設備裝置 35
3.4 實驗方法 37
3.5 分析方法 40
第四章結果與討論 46
4.1 背景試驗 46
4.1.1 光強度試驗 46
4.1.2 過氧化氫氧化試驗 47
4.1.3 直接光解實驗 49
4.1.4 綜合討論 54
4.2 紫外光/過氧化氫程序分解辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇界面活性劑 56
4.2.1 起始溶液pH效應 56
4.2.2 過氧化氫添加量效應 62
4.2.3 輻射光強度效應 67
4.2.4 反應物初始濃度效應 70
4.2.5 綜合討論 76
4.3 反應動力之探討 78
4.3.1 二階反應速率常數之推算 78
4.3.2 雙指數動力模式之探討 85
4.4 無機離子抑制效應評估 87
4.4.1 碳酸鹽濃度影響 87
4.4.2 硝酸鹽濃度影響 90
4.4.3 綜合討論 94
4.5 辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯醇降解途徑之探討 96
第五章結論與建議 107
5.1 結論 107
5.2 建議 109
References 110

參考文獻

1. Amin, H., A. Amer, A. El Fecky and I. Ibrahim,“Treatment of textile waste water using H2O2/UV system”, Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing 42, 17-28 (2008)
2. Arditsoglou, A. and D. Voutsa,“Partitioning of endocrine disrupting compounds in inland waters and wastewaters discharged into the coastal area of Thessaloniki, Northern Greece”, Environmental Science Pollution Research 17, 529–538 (2010)
3. Beltrán, F. J., G. Ovejero, J. F.García-Araya and J. Rivas, “Oxidation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in Water. 2. UV radiation and ozonation in the presence of UV radiation”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 34. 1607-1615 (1995)
4. Beltrán, F. J., G. Ovejero and J. Rivas, “Oxidation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water. 3. UV radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 35, 883-890 (1996)
5. BKH, “Towards the establishment of a priority list of substances for further evaluation of their role in endocrine disrupters”, Final Report, prepared for the European Commision DG ENV, (2000)
6. Błędzka, D., D. Gryglik and J. S. Miller, “Photolytic degradation of 4-tert-octylphenol” Environment Protection Engineering 35, 235-247 (2009)
7. Błędzka, D., D. Gryglik, M. Olak, J. L. Gebicki and J. S. Miller, “Degradation of n-butylparaben and 4-tert-octylphenol in H2O2/UV system”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 79, 409–416 (2010)
8. Błędzka, D., M. Gmurek, M. Gryglik, M. Olak, J. S. Miller and S. Ledakowicz, “Photodegradation and advanced oxidation of endocrine disruptors in aqueous solutions”, Catalysis Today 151, 125–130 (2010)
9. Blake, C. A. and F. R. Boockfor, “Chronic administration of the environmental pollutant 4-tert-octylphenol to adult male rats interferes with the secretion of luteinizing hormone, follicle - Stimulating Hormone, prolactin, and testosterone”, Biology of Reproduction 57, 255–266 (1997)
10. Borup, M. B. and E. J. Middlebrooks, “Photocatalysed Oxidation of Toxic Organics”, Water Science & Technology 19, 381–390 (1987)
11. Céspedes, R., S. Lacorte, A. Ginebreda and D. Barceló, “Chemical monitoring and occurrence of alkylphenols, alkylphenol ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, phthalates and benzothiazoles in sewage treatment plants and receiving waters along the Ter River basin (Catalonia, N. E. Spain)”, Analytical Bioanalytical Chemistry 385, 992–1000 (2006)
12. Ce′spedes, R., S. Lacorte, A. Ginebreda and D. Barcelo, “Occurrence and fate of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates in sewage treatment plants and impact on receiving waters along the Ter River (Catalonia, NE Spain)”, Environmental Pollution 153, 384-392 (2008)
13. Chen, L., H. Y. Zhou, L. Liu and Q. Y.Deng, “Mechanism study on UV-induced photodegradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates by intermediate products analysis”, Chinese Chemical Letters, 18. 473–475 (2007)
14. Clara, M., S. Scharf, C. Scheffknecht and O. Gans, “Occurrence of selected surfactants in untreated and treated sewage”, Water Research 41, 4339-4348 (2007)
15. Corvini, P. F. X., A. Schäffer and D. Schlosser, “Microbial degradation of nonylphenol and other alkylphenols”, Applied Microbiology Biotechnology 72, 223–243 (2006)
16. Crittenden, J. C., S. Hu, D. W. Hand and S. A.Green, “A kinetic model for H2O2/UV process in a completely mixed batch reactor”, Water research 33, 2315–2328 (1999)
17. De, A. K., B. Chaudhuri, S. Bhattacharjee and B. K. Dutta, “Estimation of ．OH radical reaction rate constants for phenol and chlorinated phenols using UV/H2O2 photo-oxidation”, Journal of Hazardous Materials B 64, 91–104 (1999)
18. Destaillats, H., H. M. Hung and M. R. Hoffmann, “Degradation of alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants in water with ultrasonic irradiation”, Environmental Science & Technology 34, 311-317 (2000)
19. European Commission, “Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of waters policy and amending Directive 2000/60/EC”, 2006/0129, Brussels
20. Elmorsi, T. M., Y. M. Riyad, Z. H. Mohamed and H. M. H.Abd El Bary, “Decolorization of Mordant red 73 azo dye in water using H2O2/UV and photo-Fenton treatment”, Journal of Hazardous Materials 174, 352–358 (2009)
21. Pelizzetti, E., C. Minero, V. Maurino, A. Sclafani, H. Hidaka and N. Serpone, “Photocatalytic Degradation of Nonylphenol Ethoxylated Surfactants”, Environmental Science & Technology 23, 1380-1385 (1989)
22. Franska, M., R. Franski, A. Szymanski and Lukaszewski Z., “A central fission pathway in alkylphenol ethoxylate biodegradation”, Water research 37, 1005–1014 (2003)
23. Fuente, L. de la, T. Acosta, P. Babay, G. Curutchet, R. Candal and Litter M. I., “Degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylate-9 (NPE-9) by photochemical advanced oxidation technologies”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49, 6909–6915 (2010)
24. Gao, N. Y., Y. Deng and D. Zhao, “Ametryn degradation in the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment”, Journal of Hazardous Materials 164, 640–645 (2009)
25. Gieldowska-Bulskaa, A., J. Perkowskia and L. Kosb, “The Application of Ozone in the Decomposition of Aqueous Solutions of Nonionic Surfactants”, Ozone: Science and Engineering 26, 217–225 (2004)
26. Glaze, W. H., Y. Lay and J. W. Kang, “Advanced of oxidation process: A kinetic model for the oxidation of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in water by the combination of hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation”, Industrial & engineering chemistry Research 34, 2314-2323 (1995)
27. Liu, G., S. Zheng, X. Xing, Y. Li, D. Yin, Y. Ding and W. Pang, “Fe(III)–oxalate complexes mediated photolysis of aqueous alkylphenol ethoxylates under simulated sunlight conditions”, Chemosphere 78, 402–408. (2010)
28. Heemken, O. P., H. Reincke, B. Stachel and N. Theobald, “The occurrence of xenoestrogens in the Elbe river and the North sea”., Chemosphere 45, 245-259 (2001)
29. Jiménez-González, A., S. Siles-Alvarado and O. Monroy, “Biodegradation of octylphenol polyethoxylates by denitrification”., Water Science and Technology 48, 165–170 (2003)
30. Kang, J. W. and K. H. Lee, “A kinetic model of the hydrogen peroxide/UV process for the treatment of hazardous waste chemicals”, Environmental Engineering Science 14, 183-192 (1997)
31. Koh, Y. K. K., J. N. Lester and M. D. Scrimshaw, “Fate and behaviour of alkylphenols and their poly-ethoxylates in an Activated Sludge Plant”, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 75, 1098-1106 (2005)
32. Kwan, C. Y., “The degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide by Advanced Oxidation System”. Hong Kong Pplytechnic University Department of Civil and Structural Engineering (2005)
33. Legrini, O., E. Oliveros and A. M. Braun, “Photochemical Processes for Water Treatment”, Chemical Reviews 93, 671-698 (1993)
34. Ledakowicz, S., J. Perkowski, A. Bulska, T. Jamroz and B. Sencio, “Ozonation Impact on Degradation and Toxicity of Non-Ionic Surfactants”, Ozone: Science and Engineering 27, 437–445 (2005)
35. Lin, Y. W., G. L. Guo, H. C. Hsieh and Huang S. L., “Growth of Pseudomonas sp. TX1 on a wide range of octylphenol polyethoxylate concentrations and the formation of dicarboxylated metabolites”, Bioresource Technology 101, 2853–2859 (2010)
36. Mazellier, P. and J. Leverd, “Transformation of 4-tert-octylphenol by UV irradiation and by an H2O2/UV process in aqueous solution”, Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences 2, 946–953 (2003)
37. Mazellier, P., A. Rachel and V. Mambo, “Kinetics of benzenesulfonates elimination by UV and UV/H2O2”, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 163, 389–393 (2004)
38. Mazellier, P., L. Meite and J. De Laat, “Photodegradation of the steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in dilute aqueous solution”, Chemosphere 73,1216–1223 (2008)
39. Mazellier, P., C. Busset, A. Delmont and J. De Laat, “A comparison of fenuron degradation by hydroxyl and carbonate radicals in aqueous solution”, Water Research 41, 4585–4594 (2007)
40. Micic, V. and T. Hofmann, “Occurrence and behaviour of selected hydrophobic alkylphenolic compounds in the Danube River”, Environmental Pollution 157, 2759–2768 (2009)
41. Nagarnaik, P. M., M. A. Mills and B. Boulanger, “Concentrations and mass loadings of hormones, alkylphenols, and alkylphenol ethoxylates in healthcare facility wastewaters”, Chemosphere 78, 1056–1062 (2010)
42. Ning, B., N. J. D. Graham and Y. Zhang, “Degradation of octylphenol and nonylphenol by ozone – Part II: Indirect reaction”., Chemosphere 68, 1173–1179 (2007)
43. Ning B., N. Graham, Y. Zhang, M. Nakonechny and G. El-Din Mohamed, “Degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals by Ozone/AOPs”, Science and Engineering 29, 153-176 (2007)
44. Pardo, G., R. Vargas and O. Núñez, “Photocatalytic TiO2 – assisted decomposition of Triton X-100: inhibition of p-nitrophenol degradation”, Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 21, 1072–1078 (2008)
45. Pagano, M., A. Lopez, A. Volpe, G. Mascolo and R. Ciannarella, “Oxidation of Nonionic Surfactants by Fenton and H2O2/UV Process”, Environmental Technology 29, 423-433 (2008)
46. Petrović, M., S. Gonzalez and D. Barceló, “Analysis and removal of emerging contaminants in wastewater and drinking water”, Trends in Analytical Chemistry 22, 685-696 (2003)
47. Pothitou, P. and D. Voutsa, “Endocrine disrupting compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants in Northern Greece”, Chemosphere 73, 1716–1723 (2008)
48. Rice, C. P., I. Schmitz-Afonso, J. E. Loyo- Rosales, E. Link, R. Thoma, L. Fay, D. Altfater and M. J. Camp, “Alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates in Carp, Water, and Sediment from the Cuyahoga River, Ohio”. Environmental Science & Technolgy 37, 3747-3754 (2003)
49. Riga, A., K. Soutsas, K. Ntampegliotis, V. Karayannis and G. Papapolymerou, “Effect of system parameters and of inorganic salts on the decolorization and degradation of Procion H-exl dyes. Comparison of H2O2/UV, Fenton, UV/Fenton, TiO2/UV and TiO2/UV/H2O2 processes”, Desalination 211, 72–86 (2007)
50. Rojas, M. R., F. Pérez, D. Whitley, R. G. Arnold, and A. E. Sáez, “Modeling of advanced oxidation of trace Organic contaminants by hydrogen peroxide photolysis and Fenton’s Reaction”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49, 11331–11343 (2010)
51. Rosenfeldt, E. J., “UV and UV/H2O2 Advanced oxidation-A theoretical , practical and comparative examination of UV process used to treat emerging contaminants of concern in drinking water”., Department of civil and environmental engineering duke university (2007)
52. Rosenfeldt, E. J. and K. G. Linden, “Degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals bisphenol A, ethinyl estradiol, and estradiol during UV photolysis and advanced oxidation processes”, Environmental Science &Technology 38, 5476–5483 (2004)
53. Venhuis, S. H., M. Mehrvar, “Health effects, environmental impacts, and photochemical degradation of selected surfactants in water”, International Journal of Photoenergy (2004)
54. Servos, M. R.,“Review of the Aquatic Toxicity, Estrogenic Responses and Bioaccumulation of Alkylphenols and Alkylphenol Polyethoxylates”, Water Quality Research 34, 123-177 (1999)
55. Tsuda, T., A. Takino, M. Kojima, H. Harada, K. Muraki and M. Tsuji, “4-Nonylphenols and 4-tert-octylphenol in water and fish from rivers flowing into Lake Biwa”, Chemosphere 41, 757-762 (2000)
56. Ternes, T.A., J. Stuber, N. Herrmann, D. McDowell, A. Ried, M. Kampmann and B. Teiser, “Ozonation: A Tool for removal of pharmaceuticals, contrast media and musk fragrances from wastewater”, Water Research 37, 1976–1982 (2003)
57. USEPA, Introduction to Emerging Contaminants, “CWEA Specialty Conference-Chemicals of Emerging Concern: Regulatory & Analytical Perspectives”, Los Angeles ,CA, United States, May 22, (2007)
58. USEPA, “Summary of Nominations of the Contaminant Candidate List”, A1-28 (2009)
59. Van Vlaardingen, P.L.A., R. Posthumus and T. P. Traas, “Environmental Risk Limits for Alkylphenols and Alkylphenol ethoxylates”, RIVM report, 601501019 (2003)
60. Warhurst, A. M., “An Environmental Assessment of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates and Alkylphenols” (1995)
61. Watanabe, M., T. Takano, K. Nakamura, S. Watanabe and K. Seino, “Water quality and concentration of alkylphenols in rivers used as source of drinking water and flowing through urban areas”, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 12, 17–24 (2007)
62. Xu, B., N. Y. Gao, H. Cheng, S. J. Xia, M. Rui and D. Zhao, “Oxidative degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) by UV/H2O2 process”, Journal of Hazardous Materials 162, 954-959 (2009)
63. Ying, G. G., B. Williams and R. Kookana, “Environmental fate of alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates—a review”, Environment International 28, 215– 226 (2002)
64. Ying, G.G., R.S. Kookana, A. Kumar and M. Mortimer, “Occurrence and implications of estrogens and xenoestrogens in sewage effluents and receiving waters from South East Queensland”, Science of the Total Environment 407, 5147–5155 (2009)
65. Zang, Y., R. Farnood, “Effects of hydrogen peroxide concentration and ultraviolet light intensity on methyl tert-butyl ether degradation kinetics”, Chemical Engineering Science 60, 1641-1648 (2005)
66. Zhang, Z., Y. Feng, Y. Liu, Q. Sun, P. Gao and N. Ren, “Kinetic degradation model and estrogenicity changes of EE2 (17α-ethinylestradiol) in aqueous solution by UV and UV/H2O2 technology”, Journal of Hazardous Materials 181, 1127–1133 (2010)
67. Zhou, H., X. Huang, X. Wang, X. Zhi, C. Yang, X. Wen, Q. Wang, H. Tsuno and H. Tanaka, “Behaviour of selected endocrine-disrupting chemicals in three sewage treatment plants of Beijing, China”, Environmental Monitoring Assessment 161, 107–121 (2010)
68. 王宏、沈英娃，「烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚類物質的環境雌激素效應」，中國環境科學，19，427-431 (1999)
69. 刈米孝夫著，「界面活性劑的原理與應用」，王鳳英譯，高立圖書有限公司，中華民國85年5月10日五版。
70. 李明憲，「應用零價鐵結合過氧化氫程序(ZVI/Fenton、ZVI/H2O2)降解壬基苯酚聚乙氧基醇之研究」，國立台北科技大學環境工程與管理研究所，碩士論文，台北 (2008)
71. 李美慧，「常見環境荷爾蒙物質及其影響」，環境荷爾蒙研討會論文集，4-13 (2000)
72. 李彩波，「無機陰離子對高級氧化的影響」，工業污染防治技術，第22卷第六期，67-70 (2009)
73. 汪磊、辛穎、孫紅文、黃國蘭、戴樹桂，「壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚在水溶液中的光降解行為研究」，環境科學，Vol 28 (2007)
74. 林天送、楊明珠，環境荷爾蒙危機，元氣齋， 2001年3月13日，初版
75. 徐濤、肖賢明、劉紅英，「UV/H2O2光化降解水中鄰二氯苯的反應機理」，中國環境科學，Vol . 24(5)：547-555 (2004)
76. 祝德杭，「UV/H2O2系統分解水中氯苯類污染物與減毒效果之研究」，國立中央大學環境工程研究所，碩士論文，中壢，(1999)
77. 陳壬坤，「利用液相層析串聯質譜儀探討高雄市主要河川及港區水域烷基苯酚化合物之分布」，國立中山大學海洋生物科技暨資源研究所碩士論文，高雄 (2006)
78. 陳錫金，「界面活性劑Octylphenol Polyethoxylates生物降解與復育之研究」，國立中央大學環境工程研究所，博士論文，中壢 (2005)
79. 邱舜稜，「以Microtox 檢測方法評估實際廢水生物毒性之研究」，國立中央大學環境工程研究所，博士論文，中壢 (2002)
80. 崔寶臣、崔福義、劉淑芝，「UV/H2O2協同降解水中聚丙烯醯胺研究」，工業用水與廢水，Vol . 38(6)：22-24 (2007)
81. TX-100 MSDS，取自https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/95513.htm
82. 量子產率之定義，取自http://goldbook.iupac.org/Q04991.html
83. Barcelo, D., P. Grathwohl, K. Jones, K.U.Totsche, “Further Description：Emerging Pollutions.”，取自歐盟土壤與地下水管理資訊系統 http://www.eugris.info/FurtherDescription.asp?Ca=2&Cy=0&T =Emerging%20Pollutants&e=95。

指導教授

曾迪華(Dyi-Hwa Tseng)

審核日期

2011-7-22

推文