具特殊官能基之土壤對水溶液中有機與無機污染物吸持行為之研究

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莊雅婷(Ya-ting Jhuang) 查詢紙本館藏

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論文名稱

具特殊官能基之土壤對水溶液中有機與無機污染物吸持行為之研究
(The Influence of Distinctive Functional Groups in Soil on the Sorption of Organic and Inorganic Compounds)

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摘要(中)

在自然環境下通常為無機與有機污染物同時存在，而一般土壤攜帶負電對金屬離子具有高親和力，但於水溶液中對有機污染物則不具吸附性；傳統土壤改質劑可增加土壤有機質含量並增加其對有機污染物之吸持能力但卻對金屬離子不具親和力。
　　本研究藉由鈉蒙特石與三種具特殊官能基之改質劑進行陽離子交換作用製備含人造有機質之改質土壤，利用其特殊構造可同時吸持無機重金屬與非離子有機污染物。實驗結果發現，改質土壤對重金屬的吸附作用為改質劑的胺基與金屬離子發生錯合反應，且對Cu2+之親和力較好，主因為Cu2+會易與有機質結合而吸附量較大。改質土壤對BTEX的吸持以土壤有機相之分佈為主而有機吸附質的水溶解度與其分佈常數呈反比。相同有機吸附質(BTEX)於不同改質土壤的Koc與改質土壤的有機碳含量呈負相關性，且BTEX之分佈行為受到改質土壤的疏水性分佈環境所影響。天然土壤經有機改質劑改良後對NOCs之分佈有較好之結果，而本研究使用之有機改質劑所形成的分佈介質良好且沒有極性官能基影響BTEX之分佈行為。改質土壤對重金屬為無機相吸附作用而對NOCs則為有機相分佈作用，研究證實在同時吸持作用下因吸附機制不同故沒有發生相互競爭之行為。

摘要(英)

In the natural environment, usually inorganic and organic contaminants exist, but generally the soil to carry a negative charge has affinity for the metal ions, but not for organic pollutants in aqueous solution. Conventional soil modifier can increase soil organic matter content and increase their sorption capacity of organic pollutants but does not have affinity for metal ions.
　　In this present study, a new approach to modify soil using the specific modifier is focused. By sodium montmorillonite with three special functional groups as the modifier, cation exchange effect and modification of soil, using its special structure which can absorb heavy metals and nonionic organic compounds (NOCs) simultaneously were carried out. The results showed that ligand of polyamine halide offer lone pair to the heavy metal to form complex reaction. In addition, alkyl chain on the soil surface can be regarded as a partition medium. The affinity for Cu2+ is better, would be because of easy Cu2+ and binding to the ligand and hence increased adsorption. Modified clay sorption of BTEX in the distribution of soil organic-based and water solubility of organic adsorbate in inversely proportional to its distribution constant. The same organic adsorbate (BTEX) in different adsorbent’s, distribution constant of organic carbon (Koc) and modified clay organic carbon content was negatively correlated, the distribution and behavior of BTEX by the hydrophobic modification of soil affected by the environment. Natural soil by the organic modifier improved the distribution of NOCs better in this study and partition medium does not affect the polar functional groups of the distribution of BTEX behavior. Modification of soil for heavy metals is the inorganic phase of the adsorption and partition of the NOCs is the role of the organic phase. Thus it is confirmed that the role of sorption at the same time due to the different adsorption mechanism and they do not compete with each other’’s behavior.

關鍵字(中)

★ 分佈介質
★ 同時吸持
★ BTEX
★ Koc
★ 改質土壤

關鍵字(英)

★ modified clay
★ BTEX
★ Koc
★ partition medium
★ sorption

論文目次

第一章前言 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目的及內容 3
第二章文獻回顧 4
2-1 土壤基本性質 4
2-1-1 土壤無機質 4
2-1-2 土壤有機質 5
2-1-3 土壤表面電荷 6
2-1-4 土壤陽離子交換容量及其對重金屬之吸附 6
2-2 土壤對有機污染物之吸持作用 10
2-2-1 吸附理論 10
2-2-2 等溫吸附模式 11
2-2-3 等溫吸附曲線 13
2-2-4 遲滯現象 15
2-2-5 分佈理論 17
2-2-6 有機碳分佈常數( Koc ) 18
2-3 土壤改質對非離子有機污染物之吸持作用 19
2-4 重金屬對有機化合物之催化反應 20
第三章研究內容、設備、材料及方法 23
3-1 研究內容 23
3-2 實驗設備 26
3-2-1 真空冷凍乾燥機 26
3-2-2 水平震盪機 26
3-2-3 高速離心機 26
3-2-4 原子吸收光譜儀 26
3-2-5 氣相層析儀 26
3-2-6 氮氣吸附孔隙儀 27
3-2-7 電子天平 27
3-3 實驗材料 28
3-3-1 低有機質土壤 28
3-3-2 有機改質劑 28
3-3-3 非離子性有機污染物 30
3-3-4 重金屬標準品 30
3-3-5 溶劑 31
3-4 實驗方法 32
3-4-1 改質土壤之製備 32
3-4-2 改質土壤對NOCs之吸持實驗 34
3-4-3 改質土壤對重金屬之吸附實驗 34
3-4-4 改質土壤同時對NOCs與重金屬之吸持實驗 37
3-4-5 重金屬對NOCs之催化實驗 37
第四章結果與討論 39
4-1 改質土壤之物化性質分析 39
4-1-1 比表面積、平均孔徑與孔徑分佈 39
4-1-2 元素分析儀( EA ) 44
4-1-3 掃描式電子顯微鏡( SEM ) 45
4-1-4 紅外線光譜( FTIR ) 48
4-2 改質土壤對重金屬之吸附作用 50
4-2-1 不同有機改質劑對吸附實驗之影響 50
4-2-2 不同重金屬對吸附實驗之影響 56
4-3 改質土壤對BTEX之吸持作用 61
4-3-1 吸持實驗之檢量線 61
4-3-2 吸持實驗之回收率 61
4-3-3 不同有機改質劑對BTEX吸持之影響 63
4-3-4 不同吸附質之吸持行為 69
4-3-5 改質土壤特性對BTEX分佈常數之影響 71
4-4 改質土壤同時對重金屬與BTEX之吸持作用 76
4-5 改質土壤吸附的重金屬對同時吸持的BTEX之催化作用 80
4-5-1 光源對催化實驗之影響 80
4-5-2 初步催化實驗 82
第五章結論與建議 83
5-1 結論 83
5-2 建議 84
參考文獻 85

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指導教授

李俊福(Jiunn-fwu Lee)

審核日期

2011-7-26

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