大氣氣膠消光係數修正對都市氣膠光學尺度影響

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鄭瑞仁(Rui-ren Cheng) 查詢紙本館藏

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環境工程研究所

論文名稱

大氣氣膠消光係數修正對都市氣膠光學尺度影響
(The effect of aerosol light-extinction coefficient correction on urban aerosol scale height)

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摘要(中)

大氣氣膠對太陽輻射的消光作用造成大氣冷卻和加溫，是影響地球環境變遷的重要污染物。氣膠消光係數是由散光係數和吸光係數所構成，因此，要準確評估大氣氣膠對太陽輻射光學效應必須仰賴正確的氣膠消光係數。本文以新莊微粒超級測站量測的氣膠消光係數來評估台北都會區氣膠光學特性，由於新莊微粒超級測站量測的氣膠消光係數沒有修正氣膠散光儀的光源照射積分角度，也沒有修正氣膠吸光儀的濾紙纖維多重散射及沉積在濾紙微粒的消光效應，因此，本文參考Anderson and Ogren (1998)和Colluad Coen et al. (2010)論文分別修正量測的氣膠散光和吸光係數。
研究結果顯示，修正後氣膠散光係數較修正前高15%，修正後氣膠吸光係數較修正前低8%，修正後氣膠消光係數較修正前高13%，直接受到影響的是單次散射反照率的增加，修正後單次散射反照率較修正前高3%。本文以修正後氣膠消光係數推估大氣氣膠光學尺度(scale height)，修正後也較修正前低約13%，顯示垂直空氣柱氣膠分布的實際高度較修正前低。
本文篩選中研院設置於台灣大學的光達有效數據，比較2008~2009年間量測氣膠消光係數的垂直剖面變化，發現光學尺度呈現不同的季節變化與日變化，在春季時會有較高的光學尺度，主要是春季容易受大陸沙塵傳輸影響。最後，本文篩選沙塵時期、節慶日、PM2.5高濃度事件日與平常日，探討氣膠消光係數與光學尺度的變化。

摘要(英)

It’’s important pollutants that affect the global environmental changes caused by atmospheric aerosol extinction of solar radiation can cooling and warming the atmospheric. The light extinction coefficient is the sum of the light scattering and light absorption coefficients, therefore, it’’s the correct atmospheric light extinction coefficient is needed for evaluation of aerosol effects on solar radiation. To assess the aerosol optical properties in Taipei metropolitan area, the aerosol extinction coefficient have been observed at Hsin-Chuang supersite station in Taipei, cause of the observed data didn’’t corrected for the truncation error and for the non-idealities in angular intensity distribution of the light and didn’’t took explicitly into account the fact that the filter-loading correction, the multiple scattering correction and the scattering correction. Therefore, the corrected methods are according to Anderson and Ogren (1998) and Colluad Coen et al. (2010).
The study investigates the real aerosol scattering coefficient is higher than original value 15%, the real absorption coefficient is lower than original values 8% and the real extinction coefficient is higher than original value 13%, it directly affected is increase of single scattering albedo,(SSA), the real SSA is higher than original value 3%,meanwhile,the scale height is determined by aerosol extinction coefficient and aerosol optical depth, the real height is lower than 13%it represents the aerosol distribution height in vertical is lower than original height.
This paper use LIDAR to measured the vertically resolved of extinction is co-owned by the Research Center for Environmental Change, Academia Sinica and the Department of Atmospheric Science, National Taiwan University in 2008~2009.The result found scale height have strong seasonal cycle and daily cycle, it’’s higher in spring, shows there are often Asian dust storms events during spring. This paper, now, investigate the change of aerosol extinction coefficient and scale height in dust storms events, festivals, PM2.5 high concentration events and normal days, respectively.

關鍵字(中)

★ 氣膠消光係數修正
★ 光學尺度
★ 氣膠消光係數

關鍵字(英)

★ the corrected aerosol extinction coefficient
★ scale height
★ aerosol extinction coefficient

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract iii
致謝 v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xiv
第一章前言 1
1.1研究緣起 1
1.2研究目的 2
第二章文獻回顧 3
2.1氣膠散光係數修正 3
2.2氣膠吸光係數修正 6
2.2.1 The Weingartner correction 9
2.2.2 The Arnott correction 10
2.2.3 The Schmid correction 13
2.2.4 Virkkula filter loading correction 14
2.2.5 The new correction 15
2.3氣膠垂直光學特性 17
2.3.1氣膠光學厚度與Angstrom exponent 17
2.3.2 光學尺度 21
表2.5 平均光學尺度 22
第三章研究方法 23
3.1 研究架構及流程 23
3.2 測站位置、時間及周圍介紹 25
3.3 氣膠監測與採樣儀器 27
3.3.1 連續自動監測儀器 27
3.3.2 連續自動監測儀器數據處理 29
3.3.3 微粒質量濃度R&P 1400a 31
3.4 光學監測與分析儀器 32
3.4.1 微粒吸光儀 32
3.4.2 積分式散光儀 33
3.4.3 太陽輻射儀 34
3.4.4 光達 36
3.5 數據分析方法 38
3.5.1 氣膠散光係數修正 38
3.5.2 氣膠吸光係數修正 29
第四章結果與討論 45
4.1 氣膠消光係數修正 45
4.1.1 氣膠吸光係數修正 46
4.1.2 濾紙沉積微粒吸光影響 53
4.1.3 散射修正常數 55
4.1.4 多重散射修正常數 58
4.2 氣膠消光係數修正前後差異 60
4.3 氣膠消光係數垂直剖面變化 68
4.3.1 水平氣膠消光係數 68
4.3.2 混合層與光學尺度變化 70
4.4 個案分析 77
4.4.1 沙塵時期 77
4.4.2 節慶日 81
4.4.3 高濃度事件 85
4.4.4 一般日 92
第五章結論與建議 99
5.1 結論 99
5.2 建議 100
第六章參考文獻 101
附錄一口試委員意見回覆 109
附錄二氣膠吸光係數修正式優、缺點比較 115

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指導教授

李崇德(Chung-te Lee)

審核日期

2011-8-29

推文