差分干涉雷達地變形方向模糊的最佳分解

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郭勁廷(Jing-ting Guo) 查詢紙本館藏

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遙測科技碩士學位學程

論文名稱

差分干涉雷達地變形方向模糊的最佳分解
(Optimal Resolving Directional Ambiguity in DInSAR Deformation Mapping)

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摘要(中)

干涉雷達利用感測器收發訊號得到相位差對於地球表面資訊的萃取是很有用的技術。然而，有待討論的問題是單純用此技術得到的位移結果是相對於感測器的斜距方向，並非當地的垂直或水平位移，但若結合多觀測姿態就可以解決垂直和水平方向模糊的問題。
　　本研究提出一個基於加權最小平方的最佳求解法，結合昇、降的軌道模式求解三維地變形。而此研究方法和過去不同的是求解結果為三維方向位移量並非斜距方向位移量，除了能直接了解當地地變形情形外和地變形中心外，同時也便於與水準測量或GPS量測的結果來做直接比較。假設所有的測量無論是昇或降軌道模式是不相互影響的、各個資料面互相獨立，但在不同的相位值和同調性是相關的，於此最佳線性估計的求解方法便可實現。為了進一步的驗證由ALOS- PALSAR多組的干涉結果在求解地變形結果是可靠的，必須與精密水準測量的結果比較。
　　在良好的情況下使用ALOS/PALSAR資料經由本研究所提出之方法可以獲得準確的三維地變形量，靈敏度約10公分(L波段)。結合昇、降模式求解結果指出了在2007年到2010年的地變形主要是下陷的情形，而最大下陷速率是每年6.7公分(在最大下陷中心-溪湖)。在未來建議結合多衛星多觀測模式(多入射角、多方位方向)、長的和短的時間間距對地層下陷確實做長期監測。

摘要(英)

Radar interferometry is a powerful technique for extracting information about the Earth’s surface using the phase difference between the signals arriving at the sensor antenna during repeated observations from the same platform. However, the problematic issue is that since radar senses and measures in slant range, it does not tell whether the displacement comes from horizontal or vertical direction, namely, a directional ambiguity inherently exists.
A method based on weighted least squares is proposed to resolve it by integrating both ascending and descending orbits in order to determine whether the deformation is of uplift type or of subsidence. The resolved deformation pattern into three directions is useful to understand the movement mechanism and also to facilitate the direct comparison with ground leveling or measurements. Assuming that all the measurements, whether descending or ascending, are uncorrelated and independent but with different phase variances depending on the coherence, best linear unbiased estimator may be derived. To better confirm the subsidence map derived from series ALOS-PALSAR image data takes, comparisons with the precision leveling survey were made.
Excellent agreement was obtained on both the spatial pattern and scale at centimeter resolution. Both ascending and descending mapping results indicate that the maximum subsidence rate in that period as about 6.7 cm/yr (at an epicenter). It was suggested that reliable deformation estimate is contingent upon the combination of long-term and short-term observations using dual-beam SAR image data sets preferably at different inclination angles.

關鍵字(中)

★ 差分干涉合成孔徑雷達
★ 三維地變形

關鍵字(英)

★ 3D deformation mapping
★ DInSAR

論文目次

中文摘要....................................................i
英文摘要 Abstract.........................................iii
致謝......................................................iv
目錄.......................................................v
圖目錄....................................................vii
表目錄.....................................................ix
第一章　緒論.................................................1
1-1　介紹...................................................1
1-1-1 DEM.................................................2
1-1-2　ALOS/PALSAR.........................................3
1-1-3　ENVISAT.............................................5
1-2　研究動機與目的...........................................6
1-3　文獻回顧...............................................7
1-4　研究方法...............................................8
1-5　論文架構...............................................8
第二章　合成孔徑雷達影像特性與基本原理...........................10
2-1　干涉合成孔徑雷達基本原理.................................10
2-1-1　重複軌道式干涉........................................10
2-1-2　InSAR幾何與證明......................................12
2-2　差分干涉合成孔徑雷達基本原理..............................15
2-2-1　數值地形模型.........................................17
2-2-2　地變形量測...........................................18
2-3　誤差來源分析...........................................20
2-4　形成干涉之限制條件及影響因素..............................21
第三章　差分干涉合成孔徑雷達影像處理與模擬.......................25
3-1　DInSAR影像模擬........................................25
3-1-1　DInSAR影像模擬流程...................................26
3-1-2　彰化雲林地區下陷背景模擬...............................27
3-1-3　相位雜訊模型(phase noise model)模擬...................28
3-2　DInSAR處理流程........................................34
3-3　相位資訊影像處理........................................35
3-3-1　相位濾波器...........................................36
3-3-2　全相位回復...........................................38
第四章　差分干涉合成孔徑雷達之三維地變形求解......................42
4-1　三維地變形求解..........................................42
4-2　最小平方法.............................................47
4-3　加權最小平方法..........................................48
4-4　加權矩陣..............................................49
4-5　三維地變形求解靈敏度.....................................52
4-6　三維地變形模擬求解......................................53
4-6-1　三維地變形求解之誤差分析...............................68
第五章　彰化雲林下陷地區觀測求解................................73
5-1　彰化雲林地區下陷背景.....................................73
5-2　觀測結果分析與比較......................................74
第六章　結論與未來展望........................................85
6-1　結論..................................................85
6-2　未來展望..............................................87
參考文獻...................................................88

參考文獻

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指導教授

陳錕山(Kun-shan Chen)

審核日期

2011-7-26

推文