博碩士論文 985302018 詳細資訊




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姓名 林文弘(WEN-HUNG LIN)  查詢紙本館藏   畢業系所 資訊工程學系在職專班
論文名稱 微型、超低功耗無線感測網路控制器設計與硬體實作
(Design and Hardware Implementation of a Tiny, Ultra-Low Power WSN Controller)
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摘要(中) 隨著無線網路的快速發展,目前已有相當多的短距離無線傳輸的發展,如RF、Bluetooth、Zigbee等,市面上短距離無線傳輸技術應用的範圍也相當廣泛,但在這些短距離無線通訊技術提升傳輸距離及追求更高傳輸率的同時,如何降低功耗率是一個重要的課題。傳統的WSN系統晶片皆採用泛用型處理器,再以嵌入式軟體實作WSN通訊協定,因此功耗管理僅能在處理器層次和演算法層次上進行,本研究將針對家庭無線感測網路應用,採用精簡的WSN通訊協定,設計並以硬體實作一個超低功耗無線感測網路控制器。此一WSN控制器採用全硬體電路實現,避免使用處理器和軟體堆疊,不但可有效降低系統功耗,同時大幅降低WSN系統的複雜度,使WSN更趨向小尺寸、低成本、低功耗的實用價值。
本論文以MIAT實驗室所研發的硬體設計方法論及MIAT C3X25實驗板作為WSN控制器晶片的驗證平台。此平台以Altera Cyclone III FPGA為核心,搭配Nordic nRF24L01 2.4GHz RF 模組實作超低功耗WSN控制器硬體電路並進行整合驗證。實驗結果所示,相較於傳統的無線資料傳輸,減少傳輸次數、提高傳輸效率並同時達到節省耗電量,我們的WSN控制器展現了精簡、高效率、低功耗的優點
摘要(英) With the rapidly developing of wireless network, at present there are much more short-range wireless technologies such as RF, Bluetooth, Zigbee and so on in the market, the short-range of wireless network technologies have wide area application, however, while these short-range of wireless communication technologies enhancing the transmission distance and reaching higher transmission rate, how to reduce power consumption is an important issue. Due to the traditional WSN chip used universal translation processor and the embedded software implemented through the WSN communication protocol, the power budget management is only on processor level and algorithm level. In this article we focus on the home wireless sensor network applications which adopted the simple WSN communication protocol and a low-power loss wireless sensor controller. The WSN controller is made by fully hardware electric circuit to avoid using the piling up software on top of controller. It not only can reduce the system power loss efficiency, but also can reduce the system complexity. WSN tends to get smaller size, lower cost and lower-power loss.
This paper is about the methodology of software in MIAT and MIAT C3X25 tests the version for testing WSN Controller chip’s platform according to Altera Cyclone III FPGA. Besides, it arranged to the Nordic nRF24L01 2.4GHz RF and proceeded with conformity confirmation. What I mentioned above, the experimental result is compared with the traditional data transmission that can reduce the number of transmission times, promote the transmission efficiency and save the power consumption. Finally, it is an advantage for our WSN controller that is simple, low power and high efficiency
關鍵字(中) ★ 無線感測網路 關鍵字(英) ★ wireless sensor network
★ wsn
論文目次 摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1、研究背景與動機 1
1.2、研究目的 2
1.3、論文架構 2
第二章 無線感測網路 4
2.1、IEEE 802.15.4通訊協定與Zigbee 5
2.2、資料模型與媒體存取層 7
2.2.1、IEEE 802.15.4的Super Frame架構 7
2.2.2、資料傳輸模型 8
2.2.3、媒體存取層(MAC Layer)架構 10
2.3、IEEE 802.15.4網路拓樸型態 13
2.3.1、IEEE 802.15.4的網路層的拓樸形態 13
2.3.2、IEEE 802.15.4的網路路由 14
2.4、無線感測網路相關設計考量 16
第三章 精簡WSN媒體存取層設計 18
3.1、裝置辨認與新增 19
3.2、裝置刪除、查詢、修改 26
3.3、超級節點 30
3.4、TDMA with Timeslot設計 33
3.5、路由設計 36
第四章 WSN控制器硬體實作 39
4.1、MIAT硬體設計方法論 39
4.1.1、階層式模組化系統設計 39
4.1.2、GRAFTCET離散事件建模 39
4.2、封包規劃與設計 45
4.3、WSN控制器硬體設計 49
4.3.1、RS232 Controller 50
4.3.2、WSN MAC Layer Protocol 54
第五章 系統整合驗證與實驗 59
5.1、軟硬體實驗平台 59
5.2、 RS232 Controller Simulation 62
5.2.1、UART TX Simulation 62
5.2.2、UART RX Simulation 62
5.3、 MAC Layer Protocol 64
5.4、 實驗與效能分析 65
第六章 結論 68
6.1、結論 68
6.2、未來方向 68
參考文獻 70
參考文獻 [1] Smart Dust:http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust/
[2] I. F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cyirci, “A Survey on Sensor Networks”, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 40, no. 8, Aug. 2002, pp.102 -114
[3] Lai Jian Gu, Cell-based Data Collection Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
[4] ZigBee Alliance, Zigbee Alliance, 2007. [Online] http://www.zigbee.org
[5] IEEE 802 Working Group, “Standard for Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs),” ANSI/IEEE 802.15.4, Sep. 2006.
[6] A. Perrig, R. Szewczyk, V. Wen, D. Culler, J.D. Tygar, “SPINS: Security protocols for sensor networks,” Mobile Computing and Networking 2001 Rome, Italy, ACM
[7] C. Intanagonwiwat, R. Govindan, D. Estrin, J. Heidemann, F. Silva, “Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking,” IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Feb. 2003.
[8] http://nms.lcs.mit.edu/projects/leach/
[9] G. Zhihui and A. Khokhar, "Self organization and energy efficient TDMA MAC protocol by wake up for wireless sensor networks," Proceedings of Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON 2004), Santa Clara, CA, 2004..
[10] W. Ye, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, "An energy-efficient mac protocol for wireless sensor networks," Proceedings of the 21st International Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, New York, 2002, pp. 1567-1576.
[11] CHEN, Ching-Han; DAI, Jia_Hong; “Design and high-level synthesis of discrete-event controller,” Automatic Control Conference, pp. 610 –615 vol.1, 2002.
[12] G. Zhihui and A. Khokhar, "Self organization and energy efficient TDMA MAC protocol by wake up for wireless sensor networks," Proceedings of Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON 2004), Santa Clara, CA, 2004..
[13] ITRS (2001), International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, 2001 Edition, pp. 285~317.
指導教授 陳慶瀚(Pierre Chen) 審核日期 2011-7-12
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