以RFID為基礎的室內定位機制─使用虛擬標籤的經驗法則

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姓名

林星衛(Xing-wei Lin) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

資訊管理學系

論文名稱

以RFID為基礎的室內定位機制─使用虛擬標籤的經驗法則
(AVTL: Adaptable Virtual Tag Localization for indoor RFID location estimation)

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摘要(中)

定位技術於各種領域的應用主題已廣泛地研究與討論，近年來隨著無線行動技術與應用概念的加入，室內定位的相關議題也陸續被提出。
本研究的目的在於透過使用主動式 RFID 設備提升室內環境下定位的準確度，並設計一套定位效能上相較於現有主動式 RFID 定位法更為優異的定位法。本研究運用虛擬標籤與經驗法則提出適應性虛擬標籤定位法 (AVTL) 。其中虛擬中點標籤主要為避免參考標籤的佈置密度過高所造成的相互干擾問題進行設計，在不增加實體參考標籤佈置密度下有效提升定位準確度且在虛擬標籤的計算複雜度上相較於 VIRE 定位法來得更低。為了有效提升定位準確度，本研究亦設計歷史經驗輔助機制，藉由佈置於定位環境中的參考標籤之歷史 RSSI 資訊，穩定參考標籤的 RSSI 訊號與標籤異常狀況處理，以期能達到更精確的定位準確度表現。
本研究透過模擬平台與實際測量進行LANDMARC法與VIRE法以及本研究所提出的 AVTL 法進行效能比較，根據實驗結果，本研究所提出的適應性虛擬標籤定位法在定位準確度、定位成功率表現上相較現有定位法皆來得優異，而在定位回應時間上亦較VIRE 法明顯來得省時，為一可有效替代現有 RFID 室內定位法的改善方法。

摘要(英)

Positioning systems are one of the key elements required by location-based services. In this paper we use the active Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices to enhance the positioning accuracy in indoor environment and propose a localization scheme which performs better than the existing approaches for location estimation.
This paper presents the design, implementation and analysis of a positioning system called AVTL which applies Virtual midpoint tags and Empirical scheme. Virtual midpoint tag is designed to avoid mutual signal interference effect from high density deployment of reference tags. Compared to the VIRE approach, this approach not only improves the positioning accuracy without adding physical reference tags but also performs less computational complexity than VIRE approach. To improve positioning accuracy effectively, we design empirical scheme. This scheme copes with the abnormal behaviors of reference tags and thus makes the RSSI signal become more stable and adaptable. Therefore, the empirical scheme can make the objects locating more accurate.
Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed AVTL, LANDMARC and VIRE through Simulation and Experiment. The results show that the proposed AVTL approach all performs better than the existing approaches in positioning accuracy and success rate significantly. Moreover, the response time of AVTL approach also performs better than VIRE. In this paper, the proposed AVTL approach is more competitive than the existing approaches and can achieve high positioning accuracy via simulation and experiment.

關鍵字(中)

★ 經驗法則
★ 虛擬標籤
★ RFID
★ 室內定位

關鍵字(英)

★ RFID Systems
★ Indoor Localization
★ Virtual Tag
★ Empirical Scheme

論文目次

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
一、緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究動機與目的 1
1-3 論文架構 2
二、背景與相關研究 4
2-1 無線訊號傳遞模型 (RF propagation model) 4
2-2 無線技術應用於室內定位設計 6
2-3 主動式RFID室內定位法 9
2-4 現有主動式RFID定位系統缺陷探討 13
2-5 解決方法 14
三、適應性虛擬標籤定位法 (Adaptable Virtual Tag Localization, AVTL) 15
3-1 系統場景 15
3-2 虛擬中點標籤法 (Virtual Midpoint Tag Localization, VMTL) 16
3-3 歷史經驗輔助機制 19
3-3-1 歷史RSSI資訊 19
3-3-2 歷史記錄更新機制 ─ 滑動緩衝記錄 (Sliding buffer) 20
3-3-3 參考標籤行為判斷機制 21
四、實驗方法與分析 24
4-1 模擬實驗設計 26
4-2 實際測量設計 29
4-3 虛擬中點標籤法 (VMTL) 定位實驗 31
4-3-1 實驗次數收斂值實驗 31
4-3-2 k-nearest neighbor參數實驗 34
4-3-3 虛擬中點標籤法 (VMTL) VS. VIRE定位法 37
4-4 適應性虛擬標籤法 (AVTL) 定位實驗 40
4-4-1 RSSI歷史緩衝記錄次數實驗 40
4-4-2 RSSI標準差門檻值範圍實驗 41
4-5 各定位法比較 43
4-5-1 定位誤差比較 43
4-5-2 定位成功率比較 47
4-5-3 定位回應時間比較 50
4-5-4 各定位法效能總結比較 52
五、結論 54
文獻參考 56

參考文獻

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指導教授

蘇坤良(Kuen-liang Sue)

審核日期

2011-7-28

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